Recommended: Cognitive psychology papers
Cecilia Martinez Burr Psy 302-041: Psychological Research Techniques Fall 2016 October 27, 2016 JAR #3 Title U Can Touch This: How Tablets Can Be Used to Study Cognitive Development Introduction The general topic of the article was to examine the methodological gap in developmental research by testing the viability of using touch screen tablets in the study of cognitive development. Previous research on this issue tested the general viability of tablets in developmental cognitive research in children aged 1-4 by utilizing presentations on a web-technology-based tablet using a storybook method and an eye-tracking paradigm. Their results showed that the tablet based method proved more reliability than other methods and proved as a viable
In the process of reading through chapter nine I was intrigued by the memory section, and in particular the episodic memory and its scripts for familiar events. In other words, the way we retain a list of steps in a process and the ability to put them in the order the way they happen. In the text book on page 329 and 330 they give an example of a child at age 3 talking about what happens at a restaurant. At 3 years old the child give only the highlights of the events: enter, sit, eat and leave. But at age 5 the child adds more details by including: ordering, dessert, paying and other details that a younger child would not remember.
Moreover, “a behavioural syndrome results showing not only semantic-memory impairment but also particular difficulty remembering past events as personal happenings” (Tulving, 1989). Lastly, in Endel Tulving’s conclusion to his article he states “traditionally held views about the unity of memory are no longer tenable. A more appropriate view seems to be that of multiple memory systems. Remembering one’s past is a different, perhaps more advanced, achievement of the brain than simply knowing about it” ( Tulving,
Memory is a fascinating thing, it allows us to at any time instantly recollect any time of our lives, but how accurate is it? Most of us have no problem remembering what has happened to us recently, but what about long term memory? Is it as accurate as short term memory? Are we really remembering that one trip to uncle Rodgers house, or are we making some of it up due to bad memory, photos, etc.
In this essay I am going to look at Psychogenic Amnesia (PA) and Organic Amnesia (OA),
The different stores of long-term memory consists of explicit memory, which is knowledge, or memories that an individual can recall consciously. And that is broken down into two different stores called semantic memory and episodic memory. Semantic memory is considered to be the knowledge of facts and concepts regarding the universe. Episodic memory is firsthand personal of accounts that we have experienced similar to an important event that may have occurred in one’s life. There is also implicit memory, which is influences of experiences on behavior.
“Cognitive comprises of all processes by which the sensory input transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered, and used.” Mentioned on the book entitled Cognitive Psychology written by Ulric Neisser where the term cognitive was coined in the year 1967. Neisser’s illustration became the progressive concept of cognitive processes. It tells the core focus of cognitive is on the processes of information acquisition and storage in human brains (StudyMode.com, 2014). However in the early years, Plato is known to have suggested that the brain was seat of mental processes before the “cognitive revolution” occur in the year between 1960’s and 1970s.
This brings back to the idea that memories aren’t reliable but in fact they have been constructed according to our beliefs and stereotypes. This can also be seen in Allport and Postman’s study where participants were asked to recall details of a picture. The participants stated that the black man was the person who was holding the razor when in reality it was the white man. This demonstrated that our memories are actively being
Autobiographical memories are long lasting memories that are the foundation of individuals’ life accounts (Bjorklund,
The experiments used the sampling method in order to be able to predict the probability of a participant experiencing an autobiographical memory or aa prospective memory. The results of the experiment were as follows, the younger participants showed the they experience prospective memory and autobiographical memory equally. They did not experience one over the other. The findings of this study when it comes to younger participants is connected with the results of the previous studies. During this study, it was also identified that the younger participants experienced prospective memory for a longer period of time as opposed to the other type of memory.
To start with the basis of understanding the memory, one must know that memories are stored in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. In a recent fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) study over the past decade, researchers found that the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex have decreased in activity. The memory is a constructive surface and not so much reproductive. It can be distorted by being influenced by bias, association, imagination and peer pressure. As one goes to recall an event, the brain will now associate that memory with what is happening around them at the time of the recall.
It is proposed that a human beings long term memory is split into two distinct systems; declarative and non-declarative. These systems are each responsible for their own individual aspects of the memory. Declarative memory consists of events and facts that you learn consciously which are then stored in the medial temporal lobe diencephalon. In comparison non-declarative memory is much more complex and divides into many sub groups (Baddeley A, Eysenck M.W, Anderson M.C, 2009). Non-declarative or implicit memories aren’t learnt or stored in the same way as declarative memories.
8. Daly, McMinn, and Allan (2014) conclude that physical activity and executive functioning affect each other in a bidirectional relationship. In your own words, explain how one affects the other and vice versa. Executive functioning is the increased level of cognitive processing that is related to the frontal lobe of the brain, which controls and manages important processes that pursuit goals.
Memories are a key aspect in life because they affect our behavior, help us recall events that have happened in life, and last help us learn. Furthermore memories are the events we have experienced in life and due to these experiences they take a toll on a person’s behavior. We may perceive a person has negative or pessimistic but without knowing them we can not assume their personality.
It involves conscious effort to recall and can be either be episodic or semantic. The other is procedural memory. It is usually the natural response to the surroundings, such as how to ride a bicycle or play the instrument. This type of long term memory can be remembered without consciously think about it.