This book talks about how African American and Latino young men in Oakland, California are most likely to targeted by police. The author Victor M. Rios, who once was a gang member and juvenile delinquent, but turned his life around. Explains how youth of color in his hometown are harassed, profiled, watched, and disciplined at young ages by authorities. Even though they have not committed any crimes. It took him three-year study to calculate is data and present it. For this observation, Rios used 40 African American and Latino young men in Oakland.
This system was created by Barack Obama, due to all the policing violations around the country going on, similar to the Mike Brown case in Ferguson. This policy was created to strength community policing and the trust between police officers and the community. This system created a few listening sessions across the country to receive a variety of recommendations. This task incorporated 6 pillars from a wider perspective to identify the best practices, and recommendations on how policing practices can promote effective crime reduction while building public trust. The 6 pillars are (1) Building trust and legitimacy, (2) Policy and oversight, (3) Technological and social media, (4) Community policing and crime reduction, (5) training and education, (6) Officer wellness and safety.
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the last straw. In October 1914, World War I broke out. Long before the war, the creation of the alliance system and the competition between European countries lead to an increasing tension that spread throughout Europe. As an attempt to resolve the global issues, the Triple Alliance, including Russia, Great Britain, and France, went to war against the Triple Entente, Austria Hungary, Germany, and Italy. The novel All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque eloquently depicts the horrors of war and its disastrous consequences by following the journey of a young German soldier.
“...Much of the recent crime increase threatens the vitality of America’s cities–and thousands of lives–it is not, in itself, the greatest danger in today’s war on cops. The greatest danger lies, rather, in the delegitimation of law and order itself’ (Mac Donald). In the book “The War on Cops: How the New Attack on Law and Order Makes Everyone Less Safe,” published in the year of 2016, author Heather Mac Donald provides credible evidence to expand on her viewpoint of our country’s current criminal crisis. In addition to “The War on Cops, Mac Donald has written two other books. Her works “Are Cops Racist?”
James Queally and Joe Mozingo on the article “Feds fault San Francisco police for violence against minorities and recommend 272 reforms” explains how law enforcement is racially biased towards minorities. Queally and Mozingo support their claim by mentioning the rise of police brutality against Blacks and Latinos and describing the type slurs used when law enforcement are referring to minorities amongst their fellow colleague. The authors’ purpose is to show the reader the type of way law enforcement is unfair to people of color and different cultures. The authors write in a serious tone to those seeking to end police brutality.
Furthermore, according to research conducted by the United States Department of Justice, communities with high levels of disorder possess a more negative outlook on the police (National Institute of Justice, 2003). With Flint being one of the more violent and dangerous towns in Michigan, this further decrease the trust in the police to act impartially and to protect them. This also reaffirms my changed perspective on the police in being appreciative for their incredible efforts and
For more than four decades Los Angeles has seen an increase in crime, drugs, guns and gangs. It is one of the largest cities in the United States with its population made up of mostly Latinos and African Americans. In the 1980’s LA’s epidemic of crime was due to crack cocaine; therefore, LAPD was very heavy handed in regards to dealing with crime in the 80’s; however, in the 90’s police brutality became rampant due to the massive increase of gangs, guns, drugs and violence, which turned Los Angeles into the murder capital of America. The Rampart Scandal and the Rodney King riot was a very dark period for LAPD in 90’s; for this reason LAPD lost all confidence and trust with their community.
Forman also provides sufficient evidence to show how students are being victimized by the police due to racial profiling and he shows how this victimization instead of helping the police it discourage this community from collaborating in a situation of real manner. Finally, Forman compares New York police system versus Chicago police system. Forman offers an approach of incorporating a police system that works along with the community, therefore, the “good guys” could be differentiated from the “bad
The threat of budget for law enforcement getting cut by the federal government sanctuary cities still emerges throughout the nation. Sanctuary cities also help bridge the trust between undocumented immigrants and law enforcement. “70% of undocumented immigrants and 44% of Latinos surveyed are less likely to report if they were the victim of crime and 45% of Latinos are less likely report crimes or voluntarily offer information about a crime for fear police officers would about their immigration status”(procon.org). When undocumented immigrants witness crimes or are affected by crimes, they are less likely to notify or cooperate with the police, due to the fact that they fear that they might be questioned about their immigration status. This lack of witness testimony can cause the public to suffer and crimes to go unsolved.
Historical commision reports have been extreemly useful for the fomration of future policy decisions. Looking at the similarities and differences in the circumstances that led to the formation of the Wickersham, Kerner, and Obama Commissions. Also, what were the similarities and differences in the reports ' recommendations. While the nuances of each report are different both in breath and scope the over arching theme of the three reports have very tangable and similar themes. Criminal activity and public outcry led to each of the commisions being formulated.
“In recent months, police chiefs in Los Angeles and Houston have said that reports by Latinos of certain types of crime are down in their respective cities. Both chiefs blamed the declines on heightened fear of deportation among undocumented immigrants, a majority of whom are Latino. They say the trend is concerning because police departments rely on members of the community — regardless of their legal status — to report crimes when they occur.”
As suggested by some experts, the most feasible solution to reduce crime and at the same time create a better police-community relationship is community policing. First of all, in order to understand more about community policing, one must recognize the true definition of such law enforcement strategy. Community policing is considered an organizational strategy in which the community and law enforcement are expected to work closely together in order to solve problems that affect everyone equally; such problems are fear of crime, physical and social disorder, and neighborhood decay. The main idea of community policing is that those people considered to be law abiding citizens should be allowed to have some kind of input in what involves the police work, in exchange for their participation and support (Jenkins, 1995). This type of interaction is encouraged by the idea that police alone cannot solve all the crimes that affect our communities.
Problem solving is used to reduce offending in a community. It believes that crimes are caused by existing social conditions. It involves both law enforcement and the community in ways to reduce or prevent crime (i.e., neighborhood watch). The community is a very important aspect of this operational strategy. Departments need to do more to develop solutions with a partnership of the community.
Although some people may challenge that diversifying police officers will not make a difference in the relationship with communities, police departments mirroring the diversity of communities may mend tension. Notably, the lack of minorities in law enforcement derives from distrust between minorities in communities and law enforcement. In detail, with more policing predicaments emerging, such as police brutality over the recent years, minorities have been more hesitant to join police force due to their
The topic for this research proposal project is on community policing, and the factors that are involved in determining if relationships between law enforcement and citizens in these neighborhoods are strained. In order to be successful, community policing must be built on trust, as both civilians and law enforcement must work hand in hand to protect their communities. If there is a lack of trust, then these programs becomes broken, and can therefore lead to other violence and criminal acts. This research proposal project will focus on minority based communities and citizens, where the majority of the citizens are either African American or Hispanic.
