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Compare And Contrast The Five Dynasties Of China

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In the following essay, I will make comparisons with other periods of China and demonstrate how Yuan (1272-1368) change China substantially in cultural, political and social aspects with specific examples.

Politically, Yuan unified the separated regimes since early 10th century and laid the prototype of the Chinese nations afterwards. Qin made China as a unified kingdom two thousand years before, but its territory only limited within modern Sichuan to Inner Mongolia. Han and Tang were two strong dynasties that adopted expansion policy, made modern Xinjiang and Northwestern provinces a part of their ruling area. However, a chaotic situation with Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms existed after Tang collapsed. In 1100, there were several nations in East Asia: Northern Song (ruled by Han people), …show more content…

Jin and Southern Song later replaced Liao and Northern Song respectively. The appearance of Yuan united different races and their lands. As a representative regime of zhongyuan, Yuan united Xizang, Mongol, Yunnan and modern Northeastern China as a nation. This was the first time in Chinese history and it constructed the concept of “Great China”. As to enhance the control against these non-Han territories, the xingsheng (province) system were adopted and it was proved efficient and secure. The Chinese regimes before Yuan were ‘xenophobic’ and exclusive against the non-Han races, including Han and Tang. Derogatory terms such as xirong (Western warlike people) and beidi (Northern barbarians) were used to describe the ethnic groups lived in outer China. After a century of intermarriage and internal migration in Yuan, China became a real inclusive, multi-ethnic and cohesive nation. The Ming and Qing Dynasty inherited the land, administrative system (with

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When the Yuan dynasty ruled China, the Mongols controlled land that included their homeland to the north. Through trade routes they were connected to the rest of the Mongol empires that lay to the west and to the Middle East and Europe. Since the Mongols and their allies ruled most of central Asia, they had little need to reinforce their defenses and did little to maintain the Great Wall. The early Ming emperors pushed the Mongols and other nomadic tribes north and secured their borders.

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The era of the Han dynasty in China, simply referred to as ‘Han China,’ was an extremely prominent one, with power that almost rivaled the Romans themselves. During this period of China, achievements and accomplishments reached new heights as the Silk Road opened, which allowed connection with the western world. However, even with all this, Han China still fell, thanks to opposing forces in the form of nomadic tribes, several natural disasters that were interpreted as angry messages from the gods, and internal/political unrest. During the Han dynasty and the opening of the Silk Road, there were several aggressive, nomadic tribes that centered around the Asian area.

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The Qin dynasty succeeded the Warring States Period (475 BCE - 221) (Britannica, Warring States, 2014, 2018), and the Spring and Autumn Period (770–476 BC) (Britannica, Spring and Autumn Period, 2017, 2018). During the Warring States and Spring and Autumn Periods, there was a massive power vacuum and several different states were locked in a struggle for control over China. The most prominent state during the Warring States Period was the Qin state, they revised the governing methods of the once influential state of Zhou. They made changes to land distribution, power distribution, education of the common folk, trade, and units of measurement throughout China. The changes made by Qin Shi Huang are what made him successfully unify China.

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