Blood Count Test

1. Introduction

The complete blood count is a blood test that is used by doctors or medical professionals to get information about different parts of your blood cells and check if they remain within the normal range. Generally, blood is divided into red blood cell (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets.

The main areas of interest in complete blood count to detect whether there is a decrease in the normal count or if the patients have a certain disease which in turn are useful to know as they affect the body’s normal homeostasis.

2. Reasons for performing a complete blood count test

Medical professionals perform a complete blood cell test for different reasons, it isn’t only done when a person isn’t feeling to fine.

Hemoglobin

A red blood cell consists of a protein globin known as hemoglobin. It is an oxygen transport protein. It has a major effect on the red blood cell count in the body. It helps the erythrocytes to attain such pigment and help in the respiratory process as it removed CO2 from the pulmonary region. The hemoglobin count measures the amount of hemoglobin in the body.

3.2. White Blood Cells

White blood cells are the body fighters; they protect the body from infections. Wbc’s emprise of various types that are all distinct in nature based on the size or structure. They include; lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

Estimation of WBC is done because they help in the body’s immune response and has an important responsibility in allergies, antigens and inflammation. A white blood cell count is a value that is indicative of the total number of WBC in the patient’s blood sample. It is also sometimes referred to as leukocyte count.

3.3. Platelet

Platelet count is the total number of platelet that consists in the blood. They are portions gotten from the cytoplasm from a cell. Platelets help in clotting blood, they combine together to form a lump and reduce

Disorders of complete blood count

For a normal body homeostasis, the levels of the components of blood must attain within the normal range. When the levels of RBC, WBC, platelets and others go below normal, there is a deficiently and these leads to health issues and disorders.

• Anemia

When the level of red blood cells is decreased below normal, it means that your hematocrit and your hemoglobin levels are insufficient, this condition is known as anemia. Patients with anemia feel fatigue and tired all the time. Anemia is mainly causes by iron deficiency. If not treated it leads on to deficiencies of thyroid hormones, folate, vitamin B12 and other important hormones in the body. Other causes may include chronic diseases like megaloblastic anemia. On the other hand when the values are above normal, it maybe be as a consequence of dehydration in which the value should be raised.

• Neutropenia

White blood cells include neutrophils, neutrophils function and immune system protector that combat against diseases and infections. When the levels of neutrophils are insufficient the condition is called neutropenia. The lower the level of absolute neutrophils count is the more susceptible the body is health issues. Infections can be contacted through airborne, contact, saliva and