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Confucianism: The Rise And Fall Of The Qin Dynasty Of China

520 Words3 Pages

The Qin dynasty of China changed the region by replacing the decentralized feudal kings with a central imperial administration, elements of which survive to the present day. First emperor Qin Shi Huang China unified the various feudal states through military might introducing a unified legal system. The Qin emperors would not long survive but the following Han dynasty chose to retain many of the Qin systems and traditions upon seizing power around 200 B.C. Seventy years later Emperor Wu inherited a nation at the height of its power in the ancient world. According to the scholars of the University of Hong Kong “He [Wu] accepted the advice of the Great Confucianist Dong Zhongshu…and officially adopted Confucianism as the ideological creed of the Han dynasty.” (U. of Hong Kong, 2007, p. 49-50). Confucianism would prove to be the central to the cultural growth of the Chinese empire. Equally important was a national education doctrine in line with the Confucius philosophy. An Imperial University was set up in 124 B.C. and there were soon tens of thousands of students enrolled in higher education. A powerful military brought more and more territory into the control of the Han emperors. The University of Hong Kong argues that western China, which had previously …show more content…

The empire oversaw technological innovation such as iron and steel replacing bronze weapons and tools. Advances in military technology led aided Han conquests and allowed them to defend the vast expanse of Chinese territory. Coinage and an advanced, centralized economy brought enough wealth to the nation to effectively run the centralized imperial state but most of all were the advances the Han dynasty made in agriculture. According to authors Hardy and Kinney “agricultural innovations continued throughout four centuries of Han rule” (2005, p. 54) bring field rotation, paddies, and new farming tools into common

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The main theme that entangles itself in all of the source material is the idea of how governments should be run in such a powerful empire, such as Imperial Rome and the Han Dynasty. Starting with the first source, it is evident that the first Qin emperor believed that only the orthodox teachings should be tolerated, which meant that the works of the Five Classics and its teachings were to be extinguished. The next primary source serves as a supplement to explaining the fall of the Qin dynasty due to its warring ideas and Jia Yi argues that if Confucius teachings were implemented then the dynasty would have still been intact. The third source explains how the Qin dynasty was unjust in its equal appropriation of punishment against criminals regardless of motives or social class. Essentially, Dong Zhongshu believed that a dynasty could not be successful if it failed to establish a fair and righteous justice system for its citizens.

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The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire. The Han dynasty Empire and the Roman empire stood large and mighty at the start of the Common Era, with the two kingdoms controlling an unprecedented mass amount of populations under their reign. Both kingdoms rose as predecessors from previous political systems that extended lands under one rule, with the Roman Republic expansion in Europe after the Punic wars and the Qin state achieving conquest over six other nearby states creating the first imperial China in east Asia. The heavy hand of the Qin dynasty and the assassination of Rome’s beloved general, Julius Caesar, by the Roman senate, threw both kingdoms into rebellion, ushering in centuries of imperialistic rule for both in their respective timelines.

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In order to understand the similarities of how order was in the Han Dynasty and Roman Empire from 300 BCE to 300 CE, the beginnings of each empire should be understood. Before the Han Dynasty rose, the Qin Dynasty, which overtaxed their citizens and regulated their laws by censoring education (burning books). The Roman Empire started out as a city-state which began to conquer neighboring regions, such as Italy, and expanded through warfare. However, from 300 BCE to 300 CE, the Han Dynasty and Roman Empire both created order in society by having an agrarian economy, ideologies, and establishing an authority that shaped social structures. The first similarity of how the Romans and the Han both created order in society, from 300 BCE to 300 CE, was their agrarian economy.

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Erick Roque Chinese Legalism History Report Background Information According to the website, Legalism - Ancient History Encyclopedia, it says that the Chinese legalism now became the official philosophy of the Qin Dynasty. After the website says that, it has parentheses that says numbers. I think it means the years (221 - 206 BCE). The person who wrote this was named Emily Mark.

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Standardization and Centralization: Qin and Han China Out of the Warring States period, the king of the Qin consolidated power and established a legalist state, taking the title Shihuangdi, or first emperor. Some characteristics of the Qin Dynasty was the standardization of life within the empire, a focus on security by constructing the Great Wall, and establishing a bureaucracy to run a smooth government. The Han Dynasty built its foundation from the Qin by continuing with standardization, as well as adapting the bureaucracy to align with their Confucian beliefs, especially with the civil service exams. The Grand Historian Sima Qian details some of Shihuangdi’s accomplishments, including “Tools and measures are made uniform, / The written

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Additionally, previous dynasties, like the Shang, Zhou, and Qin, created a bureaucratic precedent for a centralized government. Therefore, the Han

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In various ways, Han China and Imperial Rome were politically similar yet also had their pair of differences. Two very well-known classical empires, both had highly advanced political systems for their time; Han China, lasted from 206 B.C.E to 220 C.E, and Imperial Rome, lasted from 31 B.C.E to 476 C.E. Many think these two empires where built with no previous influence, however; the Roman Empire had retained many aspects from the Roman Republic, and Han China from the Qin Dynasty. During their peaks, they controlled the majority of the world 's population because of their constant expansion of conquered lands, while their structure of administration and rule influenced many empires and future societies around the world. Aspects such as these, ultimately, led these two empires to be, arguably, the most influential societies in the world; as their legacies still live on today.

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The Qin dynasty succeeded the Warring States Period (475 BCE - 221) (Britannica, Warring States, 2014, 2018), and the Spring and Autumn Period (770–476 BC) (Britannica, Spring and Autumn Period, 2017, 2018). During the Warring States and Spring and Autumn Periods, there was a massive power vacuum and several different states were locked in a struggle for control over China. The most prominent state during the Warring States Period was the Qin state, they revised the governing methods of the once influential state of Zhou. They made changes to land distribution, power distribution, education of the common folk, trade, and units of measurement throughout China. The changes made by Qin Shi Huang are what made him successfully unify China.

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The Han Dynasty in China and the Roman Empire shared many similarities and differences when it came to political rule and the nature of their political authority. The most significant difference between the two is how the Han dynasty enacted policies that were shaped to counter the wrongdoings of the previous Qin dynasty, whereas the Roman Empire enacted policies shaped to create and promote peace and stability. The difference in the two empire’s coming to power was to account for their variance in political rule. After the Qin dynasty, the Han ruled China for four centuries, enacting numerous political changes and governing one of the most efficacious dynasties in Chinese history.

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Although a lot of elite groups still remained in the government, the examination brought Chinese government more intelligent, moderate, and capable personnel. As population grew from 50 or 60 million to 120 million by 1200 during the Tang and Song dynasties, China became the most urbanized country in the world by the massive technological innovation (Strayer, 2009). The world’s first printed books were created by woodblock and movable type. This technology brought a wide variety of books such as religious, agricultural, mathematical, and medical to China. In addition to inventions in woodblock and movable type, gunpowder was also invented during this period.

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The ruler Han Gaozu changed many laws and polices and “promoted the welfare of its subjects”(p.81) unlike the ruler Qin. After the Han Dynasty there was not another great dynasty four hundred years later after the fall of the Han

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China, up until the Qin Dynasty, consisted of independent states controlled by kings fighting each other for land and power. This time period was called The Era of Warring States, which lasted two hundred years. After this time, the Qin Dynasty rose to power. They conquered all other dynasties, and established a centralized government, unifying China for the first time. The dynasty that succeeded the Qin, the Han, continued the centralized government and they started a westward expansion that would encourage trade and cultural diffusion.

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China’s Last Empire. The Great Qing. William T. Rowe. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2009. 360 pages including Emperors and Dynasties, Pronunciation Guide, Notes, Bibliography, Acknowledgements, Index, Maps and Figures.

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Regarded as China’s golden age, the Tang Dynasty was a period when China’s culture and society thrived. There was a multitude of religions during this time, especially in the capital, but the main beliefs espoused by the Chinese people during this period were Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. In addition to the flourishing culture, the Tang government was stable and powerful because the economy was strong from trade and government officials were educated with the more common use of written examinations. The location of the capital at Chang’an, a large trade center, also contributed to the success of the dynasty. Chang’an was, in the words of Adshead, “[a] magnet alike for politics, economy, society and intellect.

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By the fourth century AD, China had established itself as a prominent, powerful empire in Eastern Asia, and its neighboring countries, especially Japan, exhibited strong evidence of Chinese influence in their culture. Viewing itself as “The Middle Kingdom” or the center of the world, China believed itself and its culture superior to its non-Chinese neighbors, particularly the nomadic peoples to the North. Attempting to exhibit its dominance in Eastern Asia, China demanded non-Chinese authorities to perform ceremonies of respect and present tributes to the Chinese emperor in exchange for permission to trade in China as well as a more valuable gift given by the emperor. This tribute system strived to make the relationship clear between China

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