In order to meet the research objective, we formulate the research question Main research question: - What are the adjustments in the renovation plan of Vondelpark that make the park meet the needs of Contemporary Park? Sub-research questions - What are the general needs of contemporary urban park? - What are the main adjustments in the renovation design in regards to the needs of contemporary urban park? - To what extent do the main adjustments meet their own specific needs of contemporary urban park? 1.2.2 Methodologies and general definitions The paper conducts the research on the result of design. In the field, Lenzholer, Duchhart and Koh (2013, p.121) indicated ‘research on design’, in this way, research is conducted on the design …show more content…
Galen Granz and Michael Boland (2004) identified four types of urban parks in the history – the Pleasure Ground, the Reform Park, the Recreation Facility and the Open System, with the awareness of increasing ecological problems, the fifth type of urban park -- the sustainable Park emerged in the late 1990s. The contemporary park has more sustainable characteristics compared with traditional ones. It has more ecological claims compared to the previous parks. In the social fields, it concerns human health, education, community participatory, connections and some passive and active recreation, In terms of ecological value, the park should use some ecological methods such as the permeable surface and ecological restoration, it also needs to think how to make ecological connection to the city, in terms of aesthetic, the park needs to concern about the ecological beauty (Galen and Michael, 2004). Koh and Beck (2006) also gave a similar opinion about the urban contemporary park. ‘Parks need to be multifunctional, ecological and cultural, open to their users and even open to the city. ‘Park design needs to become social art and collectivity’ (Koh and Beck 2006, p.2). Dunnett, N., Swanwick and Woolley (2002, pp.40- 44) also mentioned the contemporary urban park needs to take account the environment, social activities, walking activities, passive and active enjoyment, event. In this paper, the writers will describe the demands more elaborately with the adjustments of the renovated