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Continuity And Changes In Europe After 1450

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By the year 1000 through the year 1300, the climate changed to a much warmer than usual weather. During this age, the productivity of food and other materials were at their highest. However the years after 1300 saw a cold unlike any before, it was called the little ice age. The little ice age lasted from 1300 to 1450, but in between that time frame, the crops and livestock were dying at an unbelievable rate, it left Europe in complete disarray. The prices of food increased to astronomical prices, with fewer food intake, it left people weakened and more susceptible to disease. Because of that, a great famine spread across Europe like wild fire. It wasn’t until 1347 when an obscure disease called the Black Death was introduced by Genoese trade
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Between 600 CE to 1750 CE, the process by which trade was conducted on the Indian Ocean changed dramatically. With the new maritime knowledge in the Indian Ocean, larger ships were able to connect Africa to the rest of the Indian Ocean network, leading to merchant Diaspora which continued throughout the era. From 1000 CE to 1400 CE, African city-states began to grow and led to an intensified trading network throughout the Indian Ocean. With this increase in cross-cultural interaction, new technology, ideas and diseases were exchanged.

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During the Early Modern (1450-1750 ce), new trends have developed and some older trends started the same which made it not Modern but Early Modern. The trends that were new was the spread of Christianity in the ´New Word´ and maritime voyages that brought Europeans from Europe to the Americas. Older trends occuring were the spread of Islam in the Middle East. Muslims and Christians often warred and Islam used systems like devshirme trying to convert young christian boys to Islam and made them work for the government giving them a higher status than slaves and wealth. This caused European people to start to look for ways to get to Asia.

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" A final example that this was a time period of darkness was the horrible Bubonic Plague that swept through Europe in the 1300's killing half of its population(Movie Talk-Black Death). Citizens barricaded themselves in their homes trying different remedies trying not to catch the plague. "People used fire, smoke, drank their own pee, and quarantined themselves to protect themselves from the horrid disease. " While the period of decline, the dreadful disease, and the disastrous Crusade war were all horrible events the Europeans faced, but all events did not last very

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The reason the bubonic plague was so devastating to the European society is because no one was prepared for so many people to die so quickly. This event that reached Italy in the spring of 1348 was one of the most deeply stressing moments of humanity that faced most of Europe. No only did 50% of Europe’s population die it affected every single part of the European society. The culture, education, economy, religion, and the simplicity of life was turned upside down from this epidemic. Not only was were the symptoms of the plague bad, while you had the symptoms you suffered with the misery effects of the plague that there was no cure for.

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In 1347, Europe had just been infected by the Black Death. This epidemic killed over 2/3 of Europe’s population and lasted for over five years. The pathogen that caused the Black Death was Yersinia Pestis which causes many forms of plague. The Plague originated in central and south Asia then traveled through trade routes like the Silk Road, all the way to Sicily The Black Death killed most of Europe’s population, thus ending Feudalism by having not enough serfs and workers to run fields and farms. The land owners started to offer more for their work and labor, making the lower class more wealthy, and providing more jobs.

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The Black Death was a disease that had a catastrophic impact on Europe. Reaching Europe in 1347, the plague killed an estimation of one-third of the population in the first wave. Each document varies with its reasons for the cause of the plague and how to deal with it. The first document Ordinances against the Spread of Plague seemed to blame Pisa and Lucca for the plague and thus, began to forbid contact with those places. It was forbidden for citizens of Pistoia to go to, or have contact with anyone or anything from Pisa or Lucca.

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Often as a result of overpopulation, pandemics—like swine flu and ebola, for instance—have affected life on Earth for centuries; one of the most well-known, and possibly the most unforgiving epidemics was the Bubonic Plague, also known as the Black Death . Although the first symptoms of the Plague trace back to the Mongol Empire in 1331, the disease first struck Europe in Venice and Genoa during the winter of 1348. In the following years, the Bubonic Plague spread rapidly throughout Europe, killing roughly a third of its population. It is suggested that the rapid spread and extreme severity of the Black Death was partially due to the weakened immune system of the Europeans, which had been caused by the Great Famine, a period of food scarcity that affected Europe from 1315 to 1322. Additionally, the lack of knowledge about the spread of

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During the mid-fourteenth century, a plague hit Europe. Initially spreading through rats and subsequently fleas, it killed at least one-third of the population of Europe and continued intermittently until the 18th century. There was no known cure at the time, and the bacteria spread very quickly and would kill an infected person within two days, which led to structural public policies, religious, and medical changes in Europe. The plague had an enormous social effect, killing much of the population and encouraging new health reforms, it also had religious effects by attracting the attention of the Catholic Church, and lastly, it affected the trade around Europe, limiting the transportation of goods. As a response to the plague that took place

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The Black Death brought a period of growth to an end, and killed roughly a third of Europe’s population in just a few years. While the plague was present, a series of destructive wars were tearing apart trade and economy. Europe was repeatedly experiencing hard times and the Plague was when they just couldn't handle anything else (concourse). As more and more people died, it became much harder to find people to work fields, harvest crops, and produce other goods and services. Peasants began to demand higher wages.

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Was European expansion between 1450 and 1700 aided more by guns or by germs? As the 16th century was fast approaching the general opinion in Europe was one of a new age, an age of exploration and expansion. This opinion was motivated by an appeal to new trade, the opportunity of new wealth and the option to spread Christianity which was so prominent in Europe, to other parts of the world. In order to assess how this was achieved two factors need to be considered: guns and germs.

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The Start Of Something Devastating During the the Renaissance the Bubonic plague killed millions of people in Europe. The plague “is a severe and potentially deadly bacterial infection that affects humans and mammals”( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). In 1347 the plague first arrived to Europe it was something never seen before but heard of. People had theories of what was the cause of the plague but they were wrong not only did the bubonic plague bring death to most of the European population but it also caused an economic depression.

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According to Ole J. Benedictow “Inevitably [the Black Plague] had an enormous impact on European society and greatly affected the dynamics of change and development from the medieval to Early Modern period. A historical turning point, as well as a vast human tragedy, the Black Death of 1346-53 is unparalleled in human history.” It was one of the most devastating diseases in history

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The Middle East underwent many changes yet some continuities between 600 to 1450 c.e.. The Middle East during the time of 600 c.e. was the first spread and start of Islam which stated a change reaction for the religion, but it also started a new type of rule from controlling city- states to caliphs. The economy also changed from using agriculture only in the Middle East to trading through the Indian Ocean. The Middle East in the 600 to 1450 c.e. changed from their ruling tactics, the continuity of their religion, Arabic language, and women’s rights, and their trade. In the 600c.e the Middle East use to be ruled by controlling citr- states which controlled the city and surrounding areas.

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Economic and Social Consequences of the Black Death The Black Death was no modest disease it swept all over Europe during the dark ages , had immense and annihilating effects and is in fact one of the most disastrous and destructive pandemics in human history. It rapidly spread through Medieval Europe during 1347-1351 killing more than one third of the population. In the midst of Italy’s overpopulated cities 50 to 60 percent of the population died while villages were completely swept of their people in England and Germany (Spielvogel World History and Geography 248-249). The Black did not only bring the tragedy of killing millions but it also came with many consequences such as economic inflation and extreme social distinction ("Social and Economic Effects of the Plague").After the intense shock of the Black Death, Europe’s economically declined, its internal affair were instable and its social systems

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Medieval Europe changed significantly during the tenth and eleventh centuries. The economy underwent a transformation through specialized jobs, job responsibilities, technology, and the development of towns and cities. People lived in small villages until the growth of towns and cities redefined the class structure. New agricultural practices increased the food supply as well as technological changes expanding agriculture. These changes created a more intelligent social class of people.

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