There are many subjects in the book “The Essentials of Criminal Justice.” Through the fourteen chapters, the chapter I will be discussing is chapter eleven. Chapter eleven talks about the history of correctional institutions, jails, prisons, and alternate correctional institutions. In this paper, I will be discussing only part of chapter eleven. It will be discussing the history of the correctional Institutions which includes the following: the history of the correctional institutions, the origin of corrections in the United States, the development of prisons, the New York and Pennsylvania systems, and the comparisons of the 19th and 20th century correction systems. First is the history of the correctional institutions. The history begins with the tenth century in England. In England, anyone caught of treason or murder were meant to be hung. The first prisons showed up in Europe, specifically in italy in the 1300s. In Europe, because every little petty crime or anyone that begged were to be arrested and put in prisons, prisons were getting full. As prisons were getting overcrowded, the prisons became very unsanitary …show more content…
Some of the places that they could go were cottage institutions, out-of-home placement and the children could go on probation. What are cottage institutions and out-of-home placement? Cottage institutions are small houses that institutionalize children, and out-of-home placement is a kid being put somewhere he/she will be supervised. According to an article, it states that “in the middle of the 19th century, new places like houses of refuge were innovated. They are cottage institutions, probation, and out-of-home placement. The new approaches were typically the result of enterprising social reformers, who sought new and better ways to address the problems of wayward youth” (Juvenile Justice