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Cuban Missile Crisis And The Invasion Of Pig Beach Sparknotes

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Cuban Missile Crisis and The Invasion of Pig Beach

by: Cody Crockett

Introduction The Cuban Missile Crisis and the invasion at the Bay of Pigs are two significant events in the history of the relationship between the United States and Cuba and how it affects the relationship in today's age. The Bay of Pigs invasion was an unsuccessful attempt by the CIA to overthrow the Cuban government in April 1961. While the Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in October 1962, when the world was brought to the brink of nuclear war due to the Soviet Union's placement of nuclear missiles in Cuba. These two events are intertwined, as the Bay of Pigs invasion played a crucial role in the Soviet Union's decision to place nuclear missiles on the island, leading …show more content…

Kennedy in 1997 of meetings with his top advisers, the Executive Committee of the National Security Council the "ExComm". Sheldon M. Stern, a historian who evaluated the ExComm tapes, has written a book using irrefutable evidence to debunk the mythic version of the Cuban missile crisis. Stern concludes that Kennedy and his administration were substantially responsible for the crisis and had misled the American people about the military imbalance between the superpowers and their campaign of threats, assassination plots, and sabotage to overthrow the Cuban government. (Schwarz, 2) During the 1960 presidential election, Kennedy falsely claimed that there was a "missile gap" and attacked Richard Nixon for allowing the USSR to surpass the US in missile technology. However, the US had a significant nuclear advantage over the USSR at the time of the Cuban missile crisis. Despite this, Kennedy ordered the deployment of Jupiter nuclear missiles in Italy and Turkey, which were vulnerable to attack and encouraged a preemptive strike by the USSR. The USSR suspected that the US viewed a nuclear first strike as an option, and archives reveal that the Kennedy administration had considered this during the Berlin crisis in 1961 (Schwarz, …show more content…

The new Cuban government confiscated American-owned private property and tried to incite Communist revolutions in other Latin American countries. Castro accused the US of undermining his government, leading Congress to pass legislation in June 1960 enabling President Eisenhower to take retaliatory measures, including cutting off sugar purchases from Cuba and imposing an embargo on all exports except for food and medicine. In January 1961, just before President John F. Kennedy's inauguration, Eisenhower broke diplomatic ties with Cuba. (Schaff,

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The Bay of Pigs was an invasion that the CIA had financed which involved training a group of Cuban refugees to land in Cuba. The primary goal of the invasion was to get rid of the communist government led by Fidel Castro. The Outcome of the invasion was unexpected, and the invasion failed miserably. The plan failed due to last minute cancellations of airstrikes, and the lack of knowledge that Castro had ordered 20,000 troops in advance to go to the attack site; this resulted in having the Cuban Air Force dominating the sky, which did not allow the U.S army to fight back. As the invasion went on, the chance of the U.S winning decreased within every hour.

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“To hunt them down, the government responded with scorched-earth campaigns, pacifications programs and paramilitary death squads, often with assistance from the US Special Forces advisers” (137-138). This caused in 1976 more than twenty thousand deaths, also the spread of this to the countryside. The outcome is what the government wanted them to become powerful to produce this sham election. The US went to help the government for politics, but now the relations between the two are very different. Reading some articles I saw that the “US urges citizens not to travel to Cuba, cuts embassy safe and halts visa processing” (Chicagotribune).

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This operation was The Bay of Pigs Invasion in which JFK authorized a militia to enter Cuba and attempt a coup d 'état to overthrow Fidel Castro. The communist rule in Cuba knew well in advance of the CIA’s plan, making the attack a complete failure. Inside the museum sits a large portion of what was the Berlin Wall. Although the wall fell in 1989, its construction during Kennedy’s presidency in 1961 nearly started war.

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A large component of the Cold War was the Cuban Missile Crisis; this started when the U.S. attempted to assist the rebel Cubans to defeat the Cuban dictator, Fidel Castro. The United States failed during the Bay of Pigs invasion by not properly taking out the Cuban Navy and solider as planned. After the attack, Fidel Castro gave a speech stating “Everybody, men and women, young and old, we are all one in this moment of danger. ”(Document H). This attacked caused the people of Cuba to fear what would happen if the U.S.—an omnipotent country of the time—attacked Cuba again.

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Their success challenged stereotypes about African Americans and helped to increase support for the civil rights movement. In 2007, the Tuskegee Airmen were collectively awarded the Congressional Gold Medal. Cuban Missile Crisis: The Cuban Missile Crisis was a pivotal moment in the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. In 1962, the Soviet Union placed nuclear missiles in Cuba, which was a significant threat to U.S. national security. The U.S. responded with a naval blockade of Cuba and a demand for the removal of the missiles.

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Kennedy’s actions during the Cuban Missile Crisis were ingenious, well thought-out, and most importantly, worked to make the world a safer place. His oratory skills were one of his greatest traits and helped to calm the American populace and show the Soviets that the United States meant business. In addition to his speeches, Kennedy created Excomm, who worked to solve the crisis. They ended up with two potential solutions, quarantine or invasion. Kennedy chose quarantine, and it worked to lower the tensions between the two nations.

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Findings Analysis In 1962 nuclear war seemed inevitable to the world, it was the first time nuclear war was hanging on a thread. The Cuban Missile Crisis presented a threat to the world, in which the USSR planted nuclear missiles on Cuba. (Source B).America’s response was to threaten launching nuclear missiles at the Russians. Kennedy clearly stated that he is prioritising on the security of the United States and of the southern hemisphere.

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The nation not only faced hardships in America, but with various countries. While dealing with life in the U.S., Johnson also had to address issues with other leaders. One of these issues would include the involvement with Latin America. When Cuban Communist Dictator Fidel Castro demanded back Guantanamo Naval Base and shut off the water to the installation, LBJ ordered the Navy to create its own water supply. This caused the Cubans to stand down against the Americans.

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The CIA was motivated by Cold War tensions and feared that communism would spread to other parts of Latin America. The plan involved training Cuban exiles to invade Cuba and provoke a popular uprising against Castro, but it failed due to a lack of support from the local population and poor military planning. The failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion was a major embarrassment for the United States and led to increased tensions between the US and Cuba, as well as between the US and the Soviet Union. It also solidified Castro's grip on power and led to a more aggressive posture towards the US, including closer ties with the Soviet Union and the eventual installation of nuclear missiles in Cuba, which nearly led to a nuclear war. The Bay of Pigs crisis highlighted the dangers of covert operations and the limitations of US foreign policy in the context of the Cold

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The U.S. broke their ties with Cuba, while anti-Castro stormed the Cuban coast at the Bay

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“Later, in the spring of 1961, the Bay of Pigs near Havana, Cuba, was invaded by opponents of Cuba’s Communist premier, Fidel Castro” (Britannica School). Kennedy was only in office for one year when the CIA came to him. They wanted him to sign papers to launch the Bay Of Pigs. It was a failed plan. The Cuban army knew that they were coming.

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Right after JFK’s election in November of 1960, John F. Kennedy was briefed on the invasion plan created by the former president Eisenhower, after multiple meetings with his advisors, and the CIA, he gave his consent to the invasion (The Bay of Pigs Invasion and its Aftermath, April 1961–October 1962). The attack was a failure from the very beginning, “the bombers missed many of their targets and left most of Castro’s air force intact”, and now the problem was Cuba learned about the invasion because of the failure (The bay of pigs/ JFK library). Secondly, the land brigade attack was

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The Cuban Missile Address is delivered October 22nd, 1962 in the Presidential office through a major radio and television address (Podell, Anzovin, and States United 705). Historically, it is worth mentioning that United States had attempted to overthrow Fidel Castro, who was at the time Prime Minister of the Republic of Cuba, in at least two occasions known as the Bay of Pigs Operation and Operation Mongoose, because of his communist regime and close relationship with the Soviet Union (Pious). Then, after the Bay of Pigs incident, Fidel Castro urged Nikita Khrushchev, the Secretary General of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, to send support and weapons to Cuba, because of the fear of another attack to his person/regime, Nikita did by sending missiles capable of carrying weapons of mass destruction, hence, this major crisis that lasted 14 days ending October 28, 1962 (Deinema and Leydesdorff). In addition, the target audience for this speech is the American people as President starts his speech with the phrase, “Good evening, my fellow citizens” (Kennedy); however, the secondary audience would be the Cuban people, whom he describes as captive people, the Soviet Union leaders, whom he directly addresses and even quotes, and Fidel Castro of course (Kennedy). As noted above, the cultural, socio-political context is important to understand the seriousness of this crisis and

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During the Cold War, the Cuban Missile Crisis took place. It was when two superpowers were close to causing a nuclear war. Its main origin was when the United States invaded Cuba, on April 10, 1961; which is also known as the Bay of Pigs invasion. After the invasion, previous Prime Minister; Fidel Castro of Cuba, was ‘paranoid’ because he felt like America was planning another attack. So in order to protect his nation, he sought military and economic help from the Soviet Union.

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In an effort to overthrow the Castro government, the United States attempted the unsuccessful Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961. In response, the Soviet Union, under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev, started secretly deploying nuclear weapons in Cuba, close to major American cities. Throughout the Cuban Missile Crisis, President Kennedy led with pride. He handled the crisis with a swift balancing act of negotiation and determination, making sure that it did not turn into a full-blown nuclear conflict.

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