ipl-logo

Cyclohexane Research Paper

1148 Words5 Pages

Introduction Chevron Phillips Chemical Company is the major producer of Cyclohexane. This successful company hoses the three largest cyclohexane plants in the world. Many are puzzled by how the production of cyclohexane seems to have become stagnant. Perhaps this is due to the cost of benzene increasing or the demand increasing. Through thorough investigation, the answer to this question and many more can be answered. There are two methods of obtaining cyclohexane. These two methods are fractional distillation of naphtha and hydrogenation of benzene. Research suggest that the hydrogenation of benzene is the most economical way to create our chemical of choice. According to ICIS, cyclohexane is used in the production of adipic acid used to …show more content…

Benzene, hydrogen and recycled cyclohexane with platinum catalyst contains low sulfur poisoning while nickel catalyst are permanently poisoned by sulfur.()Cyclohexane from petroleum is a complicated process which yields 85 wt. % purity. It is not a widely used method due to the close range of boiling points between byproducts dimethyl pentanes in natural cyclohexane concentrate. “It’s impractical to produce high purity yield.” () Physical and Chemical Properties Cyclohexane is a highly flammable liquid. It is colorless, mobile, water-insoluble, non-corrosive, easily vaporized and less toxic than benzene. Structurally it is a cycloparaffin and more times than not is in the Chair …show more content…

The crude oil is heated in a tall cylinder called fractionator for at least 350 degC. The process is based on the principle that different substances boil at different temperature. The cyclohexane content of naphtha fraction of crude oil can vary from 0.5 to 5.0 volume %. N-hexane, isohexanes, methyl cyclopentane, benzene and dimethyl pentanes have normal boiling points very close to cyclohexane.1 Advantages: 1. Uses a simple method of cyclohexane recovery. Disadvantages: 1. The fractions in the fractional distillation such as N-hexane, isohexane, methyl cyclopentane have normal boiling point close to cyclohexane which makes the recovery of cyclohexane uneconomic and difficult. 2. Quantity of cyclohexane recovered is not enough to meet the current demand since the cyclohexane content of naphtha is about 5%- 15% by weight .3 Selection of Pathway to Cyclohexane (2) Hydrogenation of Benzene: C6H6 +3H2 → C6H12 Possible side reactions: C6H6 + nH2 → cracking products C6H12 (benzene) ↔ C6H12 (methyl cyclo pentane) C6H6 + nH2 → C +

Show More
Related
779 Words | 4 Pages

Benzyne Formation and the Diels-Alder Reaction Preparation of 1,2,3,4 Tetraphenylnaphthalene Aubree Edwards Purpose: 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene is prepared by first producing benzyne via the unstable diazonium salt. Then tetraphenylcyclopentadienone and benzyne undergo a diels-alder reaction to create 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene. Reactions: Procedure: The reaction mixture was created. Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone (0.1197g, 0.3113 mmol) a black solid powder, anthranilic acid ( 0.0482g, 0.3516 mmol) a yellowish sand, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1.2 ml) was added to a 5-ml conical vial.

Read More
1481 Words | 6 Pages

Feras Kaid Chem 2415-43 TA: Rio Assessment 1 Conclusion In this lab, there were 4 different distillations that were performed each with the same end goal to separate the two different organic compounds, cyclohexane and toluene. We used the boiling points of the two compounds to separate them using the following 4 techniques: microscale simple distillation, miniscale simple distillation, miniscale fractional packed distillation, and miniscale fractional unpacked distillation. The three different miniscale distillations were used to predict the accuracy of the distillation by comparing them to one other. The most accurate of the three distillations is the miniscale fractional packed distillation because this type uses a Vigreux column instead

Read More
1223 Words | 5 Pages

Water and Emission of Carmex Lip Care Raw Material Acquisition The Carmex is one of the oldest well-known lip care, lip balm company in United States, it offers lip balms in different proportions, such as in jars, tubes, and lip sticks. Carmex claimed that their “natural” lip balm formula helps remove cracked and peeling skin, and allow soothing and healing dry lip, and the menthol and camphor ingredients provide cool and refreshing tingle. The natural lip balm formula based on four main raw materials, which are Salicylic Acid, Phenol, Menthol and Camphor. Regarding to those four material, they are considered as hazardous materials, which are Eco-toxicity to human and to our environment.

Read More
717 Words | 3 Pages

In this diagram we can see that acetaminophen consists of a benzene ring core, with hydroxyl and amide functional groups in proxy. Benzene (C6H6) is a hydrocarbon composed of 6 carbon atoms (92.26% of the molecule) and 6 hydrogen atoms (7.74% of the molecule) with alternating double and single bonds (resonance bonds) and is aromatic because of this. Benzene is a natural part of petroleum, usually <1.0% by weight, but is found in many things used today. Benzenes most common use is to produce ethylbenzene, with over half of the benzene used in the production of ethylbenzene. Benzene is a clear, colourless and highly volatile liquid which is soluble in water at an average room temperature (23.5o).

Read More
613 Words | 3 Pages

All of the components of this mixture have different physical properties, which is what helped in the process of separation. Starting with sodium chloride, this is a compound that has the following physical properties: colourless, transparent, crystal structure, salty taste, boiling point of 1465 degrees Celsius, melting point of 8000.7 degrees Celsius, and is soluble in water (Sodium Chloride, PubChem). Silicon dioxide, which is also known as silica, has the physical properties of odourless, a boiling point of 2230 degrees Celsius, a melting point of 1710 degrees Celsius, and is insoluble in water (Silicon Dioxide, PubChem). Furthermore, octane is an alkane that that has the physical properties of colourless, clear, liquid, a boiling point of 125.6 degrees Celsius, a melting point of -56.73 degrees Celsius, and is soluble in water (Octane, PubChem). When connecting back to the Athabasca Oil Sands, on average, the sediments and oil are mixed together with

Read More
469 Words | 2 Pages

It is said that this fuel is dirty as well as the process that it will take to get this oil. This process would be harmful to people, wildlife as well as the environment. It has been stated that this process will inevitably leak,

Read More
233 Words | 1 Pages

Referring to Table 1, the reactants for each run were transferred to an Erlenmeyer Flask (250 mL) via a buret. Using a precision pipette, the volume of I3- required for each run was carefully extracted and poured into the flask containing all of the reactants. Immediately after the Iodine solution was placed in the flask, the LabQuest began collection data. Meanwhile, a small portion of the solution, was used to rinse the cuvette, then using a disposable pipette a small amount of the solution was transferred to the cuvette (approx. ¾).

Read More
1319 Words | 6 Pages

This is due to machinery performing most of the extraction and combustion processes and the resources are already present. Also, due to its liquid form, petroleum is easy to transport and store. Crude oil is most commonly extracted as a liquid or gas with solid forms being rare. Due to a liquidized form being easier to transport the heat of fusion is used to change forms. Heat of fusion is “the energy required to change a gram of a substance from a gas to the liquid state without changing its temperature” (Anne Helmenstine,

Read More
2294 Words | 10 Pages

A sample of fish oil (50 mg) was transferred into screw-cap vial. 2 ml benzene and 10 ml sulfuric acid (1%) in absolute methanol were added. The vial was covered under a stream of nitrogen before heating in an oven 90 °C for 90 minutes. Ten ml of distilled water were added to the cooled vial and the methyl esters in each vial were extracted with 5 ml of petroleum ether for three times. The three petroleum ether extracts were combined and concentrate to its minimum volume by using a stream of nitrogen.

Read More
1575 Words | 7 Pages

Petroleum refinery effluents (PRE) are wastes originating from industries engaged in refining crude oil and manufacturing lubricants, fuels and petrochemical intermediates. The effluents are composed of oil and grease along with many other toxic organic compounds and are a major source of aquatic environmental pollution. PRE can vary greatly depending on the plant configuration, the type of oil being processed, and operation procedures (Saien J. and Nejati H., 2007). The exact composition cannot be generalised as it depends on the refinery and which units are in operation at any specific time. PRE is often characterized by high concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic petroleum hydrocarbons, which usually have detrimental and harmful effects on plant and aquatic life

Read More
1088 Words | 5 Pages

Also, oxygenates are not present in naphtha from crude oil. The presence of oxygenates has been taken into account. However, details about the separation of oxygenates are beyond the scoop of this project. The requirement regarding the chain length is also important.

Read More
919 Words | 4 Pages

Rediet Legese iLab Week # 6 CRUDE OIL DISTILLATION Introduction: The aim of this week lab experiment is to experiment distill crude oil and to check how temperature determine the chemical properties of crude oil plus how the boiling point can also show physical properties. They are two major finding in this experiment. he first finding was the point at which the raw petroleum is heated to the point of boiling, at 275 0C, the gas and kerosene oil are refined, however the oil (lubricant ) stays as an unrefined feature oil.

Read More
867 Words | 4 Pages

The global production of fish oil is about one million ton yearly obtained from the reduction process of raw fish material. Reduction of 100 kg of fish material produces on average 5 kg fish oil and 20 kg of fish meal. Fish body is extracted with food-grade ethanol, and the crude fish oil obtained is subjected to purification using molecular distillation techniques to remove various

Read More
886 Words | 4 Pages

2.3 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CRUDE OIL The most abundant chemical compounds of petroleum are hydrocarbons which give the petroleum composition its combustible nature. Although the composition of petroleum will contain many trace elements, the key compounds are carbon (93% – 97%), hydrogen (10% - 14%), nitrogen (0.1% - 2%), oxygen (0.1% - 1.5%) and sulphur (0.5% - 6%) with a few trace metals making up a very small percentage of the petroleum composition (Hunt, 1996). 2.4 CLASSIFICATION OF HYDROCARBON The properties of hydrocarbons are classified in terms of its hydrocarbon structure.

Read More
745 Words | 3 Pages

Nitroaromatic compounds are the major group of pollutants because they enter into environment in large quantities, are toxic and resistant to degradation and bioaccumulate. Nitroaromatics such as nitrobenzene, nitrotoluenes, nitrophenols, nitrobenzoates and nitroanilines are extensively used in industry for the manufacture of pesticides, explosives, dyes, plastics and pharmaceuticals. There are reports of widespread contamination of soil, water and atmosphere by nitroaromatic compounds. Nitrotoluenes are used in the large scale manufacture of explosives such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), which has led to the contamination of soil. Environmental pollution by Nitroaromatic compounds Nitroaromatics are stable, persistent, toxic and mutagenic and many of them are suspected or recognized carcinogens (Lotufo et al., 2009; Marvin-Sikkema and de Bont 1994; Nishino et al., 2000; Padda et al., 2003; Purohit and Basu 2000; Reiger and Knackmuss 1995).

Read More

More about Cyclohexane Research Paper

Open Document