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Dakota Reservation Summary

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Ray Owen, of Prairie Island Indian Community, 2010 Mni Sota, states that according to the oral histories of many of those who live in Minnesota, these areas have been Dakota homeland for thousands of years. "Even today, you live in the United States of Dakota. All of this is Dakota Territory." (1)

Mni Sota, micoke – Dakota translation as ‘home of the cloud tinted waters’, Minnesota - known by North Americans as the ‘Land of 10,000 Lakes’, lies at the northern end of the Mississippi River and the westernmost point of the inland waterway that extends through the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Seaway to the Atlantic Ocean. The Ojibwe and the Dakota of the First Nation Peoples were those that made these lands their home. European settlement …show more content…

Native groups often took land and materials from weaker groups whenever it suited them. They understood the concept of ownership by conquest. From the time the first settlers landed on Turtle Island [America], the Natives were pushed from their home. In 1783, George Washington wrote a letter to James Duane, outlining principles of the Indian Policy of the Continental Congress. Washington outlined ‘an enlightened People’ would consider the Native to be deluded and that “as the country is large enough to contain us all; and as we are disposed to be kind to them and to partake in their trade…we will draw a veil over what is past and establish a boundary line between them and us beyond which we will endeavor to restrain our People from Hunting or Settling” (4). This sentiment is reinstated over and over throughout treaties made with the Dakota of …show more content…

The Dakota agreed to sell their territory for cash and annuities. This treaty was instigated by the first governor of the territory, Alexander Ramsey, and Luke Lea, Commissioner of Indian Affairs in Washington, D.C. The United States wanted the agreement with the Natives to gain control of agricultural lands for more settlers. In this Treaty, the Dakota ceded nearly 24,000,000 acres of land in south and west Minnesota, along with some land in Iowa and the Dakota Territory. Many Natives agreed to this to ensure the continuation of their livelihood, given the outcome of previous treaties with the United

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There were thirteen hundred Dakota still in captivity at Fort Snelling. Those remaining were taken by steamboat to the Crow Creek reservation in May 1863. The reservation was a land with no lakes, drought stricken desolation, with little to no timber. Shultz writes, “Nothing grew there. Nothing could grow there.

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Dakota State University invites the public to attend a community gathering honoring the Dakota 38 +2 Memorial and Reconciliation Ride on Monday, December 14th, at 4:30 p.m. on the DSU campus in the Trojan Center Marketplace. A short program is scheduled, and Gene Hexom, the Madison mayor, will be in attendance. The tradition of the Dakota 38 + 2 ride started in the spring of 2005 after Jim Miller, a Native spiritual leader and Vietnam veteran, dreamt of riding on horseback across the plains of S.D. At the end of the dream, he arrived at a riverbank in Minnesota and saw 38 of his Dakota ancestors.

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The Treaty with the Chippewa of the Mississippi tried to restrict the Ojibwe people to one place in Minnesota. In which resulted in The United States helping to pay for a lot of the education and farming costs for the Ojibwe tribe. In 1867, The Treaty with the Chippewa of the Mississippi was formed and signed on March 19, 1867. It was developed to keep the Ojibwe people in one place, and it also encouraged them to keep farming through the allotment of land. People who were “individual band members” were provided with a scrip that could be used to get 160 acres of land; but “mixed blood individuals” only were given a scrip if they lived in the boundaries of the reservation.

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The Dakota were being squeezed into smaller areas. Moving from previously prime hunting and fishing grounds to increasing smaller non-productive reservations, harsh winters and low supplies created times that that left many native families hungry and frustrated. Throughout the 1800’s, treaties were negotiated with the Dakota and the U. S. Government and native lands were exchanged for money, farming supplies and debt payments. These treaties were not in favor of the native population. By the late 1850’s, treaty violations by the United States and late or unfair annuity payments by Indian Agents, those authorized to interact with natives on behalf of the U.S. Government, caused increasing hunger and hardship among the Dakota.

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The Great Land Rush and the making of the Modern world, 1690-1900, written by John C. Weaver, discusses the distribution of land, its changing process, and the introduction of property rights in a market economy throughout various parts of the world – North America, South Africa New Zealand, and Australia among others. This essay will discuss the definition of property right, how it was implemented by the settlers onto new territories and the development there after. Through the analysis of Weavers dissertations, the essay will also draw similarities and difference of the way various colonial government treated indigenous people and other settlers; along with how settlers treated aboriginals and one another. The book takes into consideration how the Neo-Europeans gained and distributed land that they discovered.5 The process of how a land comes into ownership and the legislation around it is called property rights.5 Property rights where developed after it was realized that Neo-Europeans where excessively violent with natives over their land.5 Europeans would discover new lands and would use their native beliefs, and legislation as a tactic to gain control of the niche.5 this would harm the native people of that land as these practices of land taking where violent between settlers and natives.5 The settlers used property rights within their own people but had aggressive beliefs with the natives that resulted in gruesome wars between the two parties for the land.

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And this is effected by the provisions of a compact which assumes the venerated, the sacred appellation of treaty." (Cherokee letter protesting the Treaty of New Echota, 1836). The US is aiming for Manifest Destiny and nothing less, so they enforce treaties that benefits them and takes all land from the Natives Indians. Manifest Destiny doesn’t have any compassion, it challenges the US to take what they can get and just keep on

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My third new concept comes from the “Treaties Matter” online link from D2L. The piece that stood out to me that most was the tab on the left home screen titled U.S.-American Indian Treaties in Minnesota. This tab highlights on the idea of who gave what to whom which was very eye opening to me. I have always thought until I read this portion that the U.S. government was being nice to the Native Americans by giving them specific land to live on but that is not the case because the opposite is true. The Dakota and Ojibwe leaders gave up larger portions of their homelands to in return receive small reservations. The only reason that these leaders signed these treaties to receive back very little land is because they believed that this was the only way to keep their people alive.

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