The notion of Natural Selection defined by Darwin, is basically the Survival of Fittest--“the preservation of favourable individual differences and variations, and the destruction of those which are injurious.” [Darwin, natural selection] Through this process, if the time is infinitely long, the nature can always choose the most suitable to survive, eliminate the ones who do not adapt themselves to the environment. For instance, there is an area which is passing through a climatic change. Some of the residents there will undergo a change straight away in order to keep up with the living environment, some other species who cannot will likely be extinct.
The reason why taking natural selection as a reference, is because of the timeless process it has and its unique capacity comparing to that of designers. Human can produce things and select them, but what they can refer to is only their external and visible features. In comparison, nature doesn’t care about the appearance at all, they will be preserved as long as they are beneficial to the system. And nature can also select things by their internal features, on every narrow corner that cannot be reached by human, and on very tiny changes or slightly changing processes which are not visible to human. And nature only select the ones follow her willing, which is more objective than human selection.
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The key thing here is time, for the reason nature never lacks of time, so she can squander her prototyping arbitrarily and give up the poor inhabitants. But from designers’ perspective, we cannot, can we operate on time scale either. Fortunately computational technology can help us to narrow the weakness “by compressing the time and space to perform virtual prototyping and evaluation before committing ourselves to actual prototypes”. [1] Natural