S: In David Shapiro’s “Neurotic Styles” he outlines four types of neurotic styles which is an obsessive compulsive style, a paranoid style, a hysterical style and an impulsive style (Shapiro, 1965). Each of these neuroses have their own characteristics relating to things such as cognitions, behaviors and perceptions. I understand neurosis as mental or emotional stability or instability. The types of feelings people in neurotic states experience are things such as anxiety, depression, or stress. Paranoia is a type of neurosis, I feel like it is enough to say that a person is paranoid, to understand what feelings the person would experience. Though these neurotic styles do have their own styles of cognition, behavior and perception I do feel …show more content…
O: For these four neurotic styles Shapiro’s uses the typical aspects of functioning which include (1) rigidity, (2) the mode of activity and the distortion of experience of autonomy and (3) the loss of reality (1965). Shapiro argues that the obsessive compulsive style of functioning is made up of extreme rigidity, the distortion of their experience of autonomy, and the loss of reality (1965). The rigidity in the obsessive compulsive style is their rigidness in their cognition (Shapiro, 1965). The mode of activity in the obsessive compulsive person is that this person likes to stay productive (Shapiro, 1965). “I would like to suggest that this mode of activity and experience reflects a remarkable distortion of the normal function and experience…” (Shapiro, 1965, p. 34). Shapiro argues that the paranoid style has a thinking style that is suspicious (1965). This type of person also experiences a loss of reality. The paranoid style person believes that they experience threats to their autonomy and it affects other aspects of their functioning (Shapiro, 1965) and this is because of projection. Projection in the paranoid style person has cognitive and non-cognitive aspects it means “the attribution of external