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Deus Ex Machina

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The use of Deus Ex Machina was the most ironic of them all, as the protagonist is seen to be procrastinate alot and diverting from the original purpose. For example how Hamlet’s endeavours to find out whether the ghost was telling the truth or not could be seen as an act of procrastination. Which contributes nothing to the plot of the itself, the irony comes into play when such an expendable development-i.e. The existence of the pirate- actually plays such a significant part in the play.
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The examples of irony listed above are only a few places in the book where irony is obviously present. Along with the instances already mentioned, there are also broader cases of irony in the novel that may not be so easily depicted. A dead and rotting body being hauled city to city for more than a week before it finally buried is humorous in itself. A youngster making holes in a coffin because he doesn’t truly understand that the person inside is dead also strikes the reader as comical. Furthermore, making a cast out of cement which ends up making the problem worse, and then busting off the cast with hammer and wedge is completely ironic and cannot help but encourage a good chuckle.

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In the play, Irony is used to communicate

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In the Scarlet Letter, the most obvious example of irony is the fact that Reverend Dimmesdale is Hester’s counterpart and fellow adulterer. Dimmesdale’s sin is dramatically ironic because the readers catch on to it much sooner than most of the characters in the story. The audience slowly realizes that Dimmesdale was Hester’s companion because of several events. First, whenever he is to speak about Hester or on the topic of sins, he becomes very pale and shaky. He also progressively appears sicker and more gaunt due to the guilt that builds up inside his body and consumes his mind.

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Federigo’s Falcon’s Irony Authors use irony to make their audience stop and think about what has just been said, excite the reader, build suspense, or to even emphasize the idea. There are three types of irony: Verbal, Situational, and Dramatic. In Federigo’s Falcon by Giovanni Boccaccio, all three types of irony are used in different ways throughout the story. For instance, a clear example of Situational Irony is at the end of short story.

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One example of situational irony is first, the name “Fortunato” means “Fortunate” in Italian, but Fortunato is actually very unfortunate. Next, the word “cask” means “wine barrel,” but coffin also comes from the same word. So in other words, Fortunato believes he will reach a cask of wine, but in all actuality he will reach his coffin. Also, another great example of situational irony comes when Montresor has just dismembered Fortunato and exits the catacombs. Then, Montresor claims, “My heart grew sick-“(240).

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Throughout both plays, dramatic irony is used to portray the protagonists as tragic heroes and deliver their meanings as a whole. The heroes are not necasarilly aware of these events of dramatic irony, but they are apparent to the audience. One example is when Oedipus refused to believe Teiresias the blind prophet about the truth of his actions and the prophecy. Oedipus called him a “… sightless, witless, senseless, mad old man,” when ironically Oedipus , “with both [his] eyes”, was the one blind to the prophecy and the severity of his actions (Act1.

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Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is a story by Robert Louis Stevenson about a scientist named Dr. Jekyll who attempts to mask his evil side by caving into it by enabling the character Mr. Hyde to escape under control. Eventually, Jekyll can no longer control Hyde, and Hyde kills multiple people. To prevent more deaths Jekyll ends his life to;o rid the world of Mr. Hyde. The human condition, as revealed in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is the struggle to contain the dual nature of humanity, with both good and evil present within each individual. As Dr. Jekyll moves through the story he faces an internal conflict that he attempts to solve, the conflict allows Jekyll to grow and realize his mistakes.

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Ophelia suspecting the cause of Hamlet’s madness to be his love for her is a clear example of dramatic irony as it shows her not grasping what is the real reason for him acting in that way. The conversation between Ophelia with Laertes and later on Polonius in Act 2 scene 1, leaves the audience with tension as Polonius says “This is the very ecstasy of love, / Whose violent property fordoes itself / And leads the will to desperate undertakings / As oft as any passion under heaven / That does afflict our natures.” (2.1. 102-106) The audience knows that the real reason of his madness is to distract attention from his investigation of the murder by leaving everyone concerned about his mental state.

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Kafka’s “The Metamorphosis” is an example of how archetypal irony can shape an entire work. Gregor Samsa our main character is not concerned at all with his own personal wellbeing when he awakes to discover this twist. He is concerned with the inconvenience that it may have on those around him. Even through his death we see the truth behind those who he is most concerned with, which in itself is ironic. Irony is first seen when a man wakes up to find that a cruel twist of fate has turned him into a giant beetle.

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Guy de Maupassant also uses situational irony in his story called “The Necklace.” He uses situational irony to make the reader have sympathy for the main character. Both authors, O. Henry and Guy de Maupassant, use situational irony to affect the reader’s emotion. In the story, “The Ransom of Red Chief”, O. Henry uses situational irony to create humor for the reader.

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The one scene that uses irony is when King Duncan finds that a man was a traitor and gives Macbeth the title Thane of Cawdor believing he is a good man in Act 1, scene 2 page 353. What though the audience knows, that he doesn’t is that Macbeth will kill him and take over his throne. Another memorable example deals with the invitation of Duncan over to Macbeth’s quarters to eats with them, where he believes that macbeth is a kind man and a good friend. But as soon as Duncan falls asleep, Macbeth stabs him and kills him for once and for all in act 2, scene 1 page 368. This is an ironic because once again, the audience knew what was coming despite of Duncan’s

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Irony is the contrast between how things are and how things should be. This literary technique is used in The Pardoner's Tale to show how corrupt the Pardoner is. The Pardoner tells a story with the intention of teaching the company that greed is the root of all evil, yet he tries to swindle them and get contributions even after he admits they are fake. This is ironic because he should be practicing what he preaches, but he does the exact opposite. The irony surrounding the Pardoner becomes evident when his motives are explained in the beginning of the prologue.

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Deus ex machina can be defined as a person or object that materializes or is presented unexpectedly and abruptly and offers a forced elucidation to an apparently enigmatic difficulty. (Site) In Euripides’s Medea, deus ex machina arises on two separate occasions. The first was with the unforeseen entrance of Aegeus, king of Athens, who entered from the left just as Medea was giving up hope on her plan for retribution. The second is at the end of the play, when Medea needed a way out of Corinth, so her grandfather Helios sent a golden chariot to retrieve her.

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