ipl-logo

Development Of Episodic Memory Essay

335 Words2 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Studies and papers on memory in the brain

The neural basis of development of episodic memory is essential in understanding the development of this function during childhood; however, changes in the neural structure supporting these improvements are unknown. This knowledge may also help shed light on the development of autobiographical memory and it’s improvement throughout preschool years. Recent investigations using fMRI further support the vital role of the hippocampus in the development of episodic memory. For example, fMRI studies in school-age children, adolescents, and young adults show hippocampal activation during episodic memory games (for review see Ghetti & Bunge, 2012; Ghetti et al., 2010).
The hippocampus is well known for its protracted developmental course during childhood. For example, hippocampal volume has been shown to change rapidly during early preschool years (Gilmore et al., 2011; Gogtay et al., 2006). MRI studies have reported age-related differences in hippocampal volume across middle and late childhood (e.g., Grieve, Korgaonkar, Østby et al., …show more content…

However, contradictory results on this relationship have been found when the hippocampus was observed as a whole. When Ostby et al investigated the neural correlates of memory performance in children and adolescents after a 30 min and 1week delay, they found a positive correlation between hippocampal volume and memory performance (2009). Other studies (e.g., Sowell, Delis, Stiles, & Jernigan, 2001; Yurgelun-Todd, Killgore, & Cintron, 2003) found a weak negative correlation or no correlation. It is important to examine associations between hippocampal volume and development of episodic memory separately along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus (head, body, and tail) because regional specificity has been shown to contribute to hippocampal function (e.g. Gogtay et al. 2006; Insausti et al.

Show More
Related

How Does Leonard Suffer From Anterograde Amnesia

439 Words | 2 Pages

At the time the physician removed parts of his hippocampus as a way to stop his seizures. HM seizures went away, but he could not form any new memories. However, one form of memory left intact in both HM and Leonard is the ability to learn skills. This ability is known as procedural memory, a memory that is shown by performance rather than by conscious recollection (Kalat, 1998), it allows us to learn how to do things such as ride a bike or play an instrument. The areas of the brain outside of the hippocampus are involved in procedural memory, which is why an injury that results in anterograde amnesia doesn't affect procedural memory.

Read More

What Are The Similarities Between Phineas And Adolescent Brains

623 Words | 3 Pages

According to “What this means for the Adolescent Brain” Steinberg states, “The most important part of the brain to be pruned in adolescence is the prefrontal

Read More

Use It Or Lose It: A Good Brain Pruning

780 Words | 4 Pages

She says, “When we are young we have way more connections between our neurons than we need. These extra connections are there, ready to be used to build networks for the things we experience.” She tells us that we go through major pruning processes as we learn new skills that we need to re-inforce and as we don’t use connections that aren’t vital to our lives. Both Connor-Smith and Zimmerman tell us how the brain affects different age groups, but because they each explain a different

Read More

The Outliers By Malcolm Gladwell: Literary Analysis

1042 Words | 5 Pages

Hanson found that poor children had less gray matter within the hippocampus (5). Hanson concluded that “higher levels of chronic stress” could result in small hippocampal volumes into adulthood and other “early environment” factors, such as

Read More

Synthesis: 'Shrinking Of The Hippocampus'

101 Words | 1 Pages

Obsessive use of GPS may result in the shrinking of the hippocampus, studies find. The hippocampus is an area of the brain responsible for spatial ability. Specifically memory, navigation and spatial orientation. These skills are especially important in finding shortcuts and new routes. Shrinking of the hippocampus is often associated with aging, and is one of the first signs of Alzheimer 's disease.

Read More

Eyewitness Misidentification

1297 Words | 6 Pages

The hippocampus is responsible for transferring short term memory to long term memory. It is one of the few parts of the

Read More

The Drinking Age Should Be 18 Essay

1059 Words | 5 Pages

While maturing, the brain encounters major growth and pruning, the brain’s way of removing damaged neurons for better pathways, all the way into adulthood.(2) A specific type of pruning that takes place is synaptic pruning.(2) Synaptic pruning mainly increases during teenage years and decreases during adolescence.(2) An outcome from synaptic pruning is more efficient brain functions.(2) The prefrontal cortex is also more developed at 25 than 18.(2) The prefrontal cortex is accountable for many

Read More

Endel Tulving: A Brief Summary

663 Words | 3 Pages

After reading an article by Endel Tulving, he talks about memory retrieval with regards to the human brain. He states in his thesis "The purpose of the present article is to question the traditional view that remembering the past and knowing things learned in the past represent similar cognitive processes" (Tulving, 1989). He continues by saying "I would suggest that remembering and knowing, as these terms are used here, are more appropriately conceptualized as operations of two hypothetical memory systems, episodic and semantic memory, and that in that sense they are not only similar, as all memory systems must be, but also basically different" (Tulving, 1989). In Tulving's first piece of evidence to support the above thesis he uses an example of a case study.

Read More

Juvenile Justice Case

698 Words | 3 Pages

Paul Thompson, a neurology professor at USC, started a research group to study the frequencies, patterns, and activities of the brain. His studies show that massive amounts of brain tissue are lost during these years. Tissues contain brain cells that help control impulse and self-control. This results in the frontal lobes, which manage violent passions, rash actions, and regulate emotions, stay immature throughout the teenage

Read More

Drinking Age Change

664 Words | 3 Pages

However, the prefrontal cortex of one’s brain (which is involved in decision making and executive function) is not fully shaped until late 20’s. Following that line of

Read More

Neuroplasticity Essay

955 Words | 4 Pages

Current work supports the view that the brain’s capacity for change over time persists throughout life, supporting cognitive functions and offering the potential for targeted treatments to recover healthy brain function in patients with a broad range of psychiatric disorders. This is called neurogenesis, the creation of new neurons. It largely occurs in the developing brain although over the last decade or so it’s been found that limited neurogenesis occurs in the adult brain. The Hippocampal region is a crucial part of neuroplasticity, according to a study done on London taxi cab drivers.

Read More

Four Stages Of Sleep

1292 Words | 6 Pages

“Experts call this consolidation, and it’s important for protecting against further information loss as well as boosting your ability to learn while you’re awake.” Storing important memories is another task that the brain takes on. Our brain chooses memories that it thinks are most important to us and intensifies those experiences in our mind. While the brain is

Read More

Biological Basis Of Memory Essay

1648 Words | 7 Pages

The biological approach to the basis of memory is explained in terms of underlying biological factors such as the activity of the nervous system, genetic factors, biochemical and neurochemicals. In general terms memory is our ability to encode, store, retain and recall information and past experiences afterwards in the human brain. In biological terms, memory is the recreation of past experiences by simultaneous activation or firing of neurons. Some of the major biopsychological research questions on memory are what are the biological substrates of memory, where are memories stored in the brain, how are memories assessed during recall and what is the mechanism of forgetting. The two main reasons that gave rise to the interest in biological basis of memory are that researchers became aware of the fact that many memory deficits arise from injuries to the brain.

Read More

Infant Memory Development

1280 Words | 6 Pages

Traditionally assumed that the declarative memory system develops after the first year of life along with the maturation of hippocampus, leading to a dramatic shift in memory processing at such system (Bachevalier & Mishkin, 1984). However, a research found that six-month-old infants are likely to show retention in the puppet task for 24 hours (Barr et al, 1996). In fact that they could remember the person, the object and the context in which learning occurs. The results suggest that infants may have as initial mental structures necessary for encoding, storing and retrieving declarative memory. Unlike the

Read More

Amnesia Case Study Psychology

1296 Words | 6 Pages

One famous case of amnesia supporting Squire's view is patient H.M. (Scoville & Milner, 1957), who had parts of his left and right temporal lobe, hippocampus, amygdala and surrounding areas of both removed. He developed severe anterograde amnesia, the inability to learn new information, resulting in an almost completely absent short-term memory storage. He also had moderate retrograde amnesia, unable to remember information between 3 to 11 years prior to his surgery, but with other long-term memories unaffected. Explaining this, Squire argued that memories are consolidated in the hippocampus, easily disrupted by trauma during this. They become less dependent on the hippocampus with time, eventually being stored in the neocortex (Alvarez &

Read More

More about Development Of Episodic Memory Essay

Related Topics

Open Document