Anatomy And Physiology

The aim and objectives of this assignment is to express the differences between Anatomy and Physiology, the components of the Circulatory System and the blood. To give detailed description and diagram of the heart also to explain the flow of blood and The Cardiac Cycle. This Assignment includes a detailed study of a disease or condition involving the Cardiovascular System. To carry out a primary piece of research regarding the chosen condition or disease using a case study or a survey on the particular chosen disease or condition regarding the Cardiovascular system.

Anatomy:

Anatomy is the identification and description of the structures of living things. Anatomy is a branch of biology and medicine which can be divided into three broad areas:

Arteries carry blood away from the heart, and veins carry it toward the heart. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels with very thin walls made up of only one layer of cells. Arterioles are very small arteries which branch to form capillaries. Capillaries join to form tiny veins called venules. Materials are exchanged between the blood and cells through the thin walls of the capillaries. The inner layer of blood vessels is lined with endothelial cells that create a smooth passage for the transit of blood. This inner layer is surrounded by connective tissue and smooth muscle that enable the blood vessel to expand or contract. Arteries are thicker the veins to hold the pressure of the blood being pumped from the heart. Blood in the veins is low pressure. Veins have one-way valves to prevent backflow of blood to the heart. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessel in the body. The arteries, veins and capillaries are divided into two circulatory systems: systemic and

When its full the pressure causes the bicuspid and tricuspid valves to open and blood flows into the ventricles. Contraction of each atrium now forces any remaining blood into the ventricles. The ventricles now contract (systole) and the atria relax (diastole). The pressure closes the bicuspid and tricuspid valves causing the first sound of the heartbeat. The contraction of the ventricles opens the semilunar valves, forcing blood into the pulmonary artery and aorta. The ventricles now relax (diastole) and any backflow of blood causes the semilunar valves to close causing the second sound of the heartbeat. Cardiac muscle never tires. The heart has its own blood supply from the coronary arteries which come from the aorta and the coronary veins which empty into the vena cava. A blockage in the coronary artery causes a heart attack. The heartbeat is controlled by the pacemaker, situated in the walls of the right atrium. It starts a wave of muscular contraction through the heart from atria to