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Dive Synthesis

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Recommended: Thermoregulation in the human body

This lab investigated how differing conditions in water would affect the reflex known as the dive reflex, which was evaluated by measuring heart rate and amplitude of blood flow. The dive reflex is explained as a drop in heart rate and blood flow while the subject is submerged underwater. Bradycardia is the term used to describe the decreased heart rate (HR), and it is advantageous to mammals. Bradycardia helps retain as much oxygen as possible during the submersion in order for muscles to work more effectively. A normal heart rate is 60-100 beats per minute (BPM). Decreased blood flow (BF) is due to vasoconstriction (constriction of vessels) and this benefits mammals by regulating body temperature while underwater (thermoregulation). Thermoregulation …show more content…

Furthermore, HR remained the same as the resting HR when the subject was submerged his face in warm water. BF increased (in amplitude) in the first two tests (BFbefore= 61mV, BFduring= 112mV; BFbefore=82mV, BFduring(cold)=93). When the subject submerged his arm under water, HR decreased and BF increased (BPMbefore= 66, BPMduring = 64; BFbefore = 145mV, BFduring= 200mV). These results show the dive reflex put into action. There are three requirements that need to be fulfilled in order for the dive reflex to occur: the water must be cold, the organism needs to be fully submerged (in this case, the face needs to be fully submerged), and the organism must be holding their breath. These were all verified in this experiment and thus the reflex occurred. This reflex is important in tetrapods, especially marine mammals, so that oxygen can be used in the muscles for longer periods of time as the organism is underwater. If oxygen is kept in the muscle tissue, the organism can cope with vasoconstriction as the dive reflex occurs. As stated above, this reflex occurs when two autonomic reflex pathways are

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The same worm (for a control variable) was placed in a forty percent mixture of Pau D’Arco (independent variable) and water for ninety seconds. Then, the worm’s heart rate (dependant variable) was recorded as before on a slide with beats per thirty seconds. As a result, the hypothesis

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It contains veins that help maintain its body temperature. As orcas live in waters of zero degrees Celsius and less, it is important that they maintain their internal body temperature. When swimming at high speeds, the dorsal fin helps keep the killer whale stable but it is not essential for

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This helps them to stay under water longer and withstand high water pressure deep in the ocean. Adult dolphin dives have been recorded for as long as 15 minutes! Can you imagine being a dolphin and feeling the pressure of the water above you? Maybe the “pressure” for you

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Thus, the sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate, and the forced contractions widen the airways making it easier to breathe. Your body now releases stored energy, which allows for increased strength in muscles, and can also cause your palms to sweat, pupils to dilate, and hair to stand up. The parasympathetic division is most active during resting conditions, hence, why it can also be called, “rest and digest”. This division controls body processes during ordinary situations. It generally slows down your heart rate and decreases your blood

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The dilation of the blood vessels will increase the demand for oxygen which then will cause the respiratory system to raise the respiration rate in order to bring in more oxygen which then results to shortness of breath (SOB). Also, the change in the blood vessels will be picked up by the stretch receptors in the heart which will cause the heart to beat with more pressure and to beat faster. Although these common are seen through many Atrial Fibrillation patients. A variety of patients with Atrial Fibrillation doesn’t experience any of the symptoms that are listed above. These patients just tend to show no symptoms of Atrial Fibrillations until they undergo a variety of tests and procedures that is used in order for a patient to be diagnose with Atrial

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Darwin evolutionary theory has changed the scientific explanations about how organisms can adapt to extreme environments and survive. Through scientific experiments and analysis, scientists learn what kinds of adaptations allow a specific organism to survive and thrive in an extreme environment. These adaptations can be categorized into chemical functions and structural anatomy. These adaptations are present in deep-sea creatures and are what allows them to survive in extreme environments. Giant Squid, a database, and Deep-Sea Vents, an informational article by Amy Bliss, describe the anatomical adaptations that allow giant squids and yeti crabs to survive in extreme environments.

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Unconditioned response = The audience will respond with an accelerated heartbeat as they will feel nervous and frightened by the screams and blood. Conditioned Response = Now that the audience has begun associating the gloved hand with a woman’s scream and the sight of blood, they will feel the accelerated heart beat and sweaty palms.

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(2005) believes that sonar affects tissues saturated with nitrogen gas which then causes gas bubble lesions, similar to those that arise from decompression sickness associated with deep sea diving. With these observations, one of a few things could be occurring. The loud noise travelling through the water could cause whales to exhibit abnormal behavior such as ascending too fast in an attempt to escape the noise or staying in deep or shallow water for too long (Fernández et al. 2005). Once in shallow water, some whales may not be capable of swimming back to the deep ocean, leading to death by stranding or hyperthermia (Cox et al. 2006). Cox

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I had a fear of water since I was a child, but somehow managed to take a risk and dive. You know the feeling of being underwater? The bone-crushing pressure of gallons of water envelops every inch of your body and sinks into your lungs, your brain, your heart. While you remain remarkably void of feeling, the fullness of defeat dominates your mind until all that is left inside you are the remnants of the sea’s terrors. Underwater, there are no sounds from the outside world - no cries from those you have wronged, no professions of love hidden inside for too long, no vicious words flung ruthlessly at your feet from the glares of passing strangers.

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