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Dna Fingerprinting Report

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This experiment used the process of DNA fingerprinting to determine which suspect committed a specific crime. Although the results were null due to lab time expiring, the lab TA gave the information out that suspect 3 committed the crime. This is due to his/her DNA fragments matching that of the DNA found at the crime scene more than the other two suspects that were tested. Introduction: This experiment was carried out to determine which of three suspects committed a crime by using the processes of DNA fingerprinting. There are two stages of DNA fingerprinting, the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and the treatment of restriction enzymes (Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (Theory) : Molecular Biology Virtual Lab II : Biotechnology and Biomedical Engineering : Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Virtual Lab). PCR can amplify a single or several fragments of DNA which is significant because if the piece of DNA is too long, it is not able to be used in this lab. Restriction enzymes help compare DNA between suspects by cutting its palindromic …show more content…

With that being said, their DNA fragments that were created from the restriction enzyme used, had to be a match. I hypothesized that suspect 3 would be a match which was supported by the results given by the lab TA. What should have happened in this lab was effected by the time limit given. If there was more time or if we had begun sooner, the results would have been easier to explain. The significance of this experiment was to show how DNA fingerprinting is essential to forensic science. In 2014, DNA fingerprinting helped put a man in Iowa behind bars 40 years after the murder happened by matching blood found on the victim’s blanket to that of her killer’s blood that was found in the national felons’ DNA database (Bovsun,

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The samples from one victim were too deteriorated to be conclusive, but the samples from the other victim’s vaginal swab and underwear were subjected to PCR based DNA testing and it showed no match to Richard Cotton. At the request of the defense, the results were sent to the State Bureau of Investigation’s DNA database, containing the DNA patterns of convicted felons in North Carolina prisons. The DNA proved to be a match for the convict who earlier confessed that he was the one who actually committed the

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It can refute a claim of self-defense and put a weapon in the suspect's hand. It can change a story from an alibi to one of consent. The more officers know how to use DNA, the more powerful a tool it becomes.” This proves that DNA evidence is very reliable and is hard evidence that cannot be argued upon. DNA is either found at the scene of the crime or isn’t.

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Unfortunately, police and interrogators can twist the whole case around and convict an innocent person and may never even find the actual person who committed the crime. DNA testing is a powerful way to see who committed the crime. However, fingerprints are never the same, even for the same person, and like the example in the article told, there could be a twisting of the story. They might say oh the blood does not match you five, there must have been a sixth person and you five did not bleed on the victim. Even DNA testing can make innocent people commit to being guilty.

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Fingerprinting a suspect in a murder case can have a positive affect on many cases and in this case it did. During the murder trial there were a lot of speculation out there about who killed

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Stories about the use of DNA evidence to convict offenders or exonerate defendants in criminal cases have become increasingly common in the recent years. Forensic DNA technology is transforming the way law enforcement officers investigate crimes, especially violent ones. DNA has an extremely important role in criminal trials due to its power of exoneration of innocent individuals. Many wrongfully convicted individuals, but later exonerated by DNA evidence, falsely confessed or made an incriminating statement. This can be seen in the Earl Washington case as presented by Frontline.

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Today, practical methods of using fingerprinting are extremely wide. In 1995, the size of the FBI fingerprint card archive contained over 200 million items, and archive size was increasing at the rate of 30,000 to 50,000 new cards per day [2]. Forensic science was the very first and most important area of its application, which still remains. The rapid development of computer technology has made it possible to create such fingerprint scanners that can be installed on laptops, cell phones, flash drives,

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In the lab report three students are tested along with one suspect. Student number two’s DNA matched the suspects DNA. The student’s DNA’s are cut with five different enzymes as well as the suspects DNA. Student two’s DNA matched exactly with the suspects DNA; the other two student’s DNA did not resemble the suspects DNA at all. (Choi, et al, 2008) DNA fingerprinting is used a lot in determining who committed a crime.

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The next topic to show why DNA testing is important to law enforcement is the unanalyzed evidence stored away hoping one day to be tested. There was a study done showing over a time frame of five years that there was about 40% of unanalyzed rape and homicide cases that had DNA evidence waiting to be tested. They suspect that there maybe a few causes for this kind of problem. These unanalyzed cases are a part of backlogs and they are terming as cases of justice denied. Some speculate that the investigating officer can be a cause of why evidence is not tested.

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Genetic fingerprint or DNA Profiling is a method of isolating and capturing images of the sequence of DNA. Alec Jeffreys, a British geneticist, developed this technique in 1984 after he discovered certain sequences of DNA, called minisatellites, which repeats within gene in a DNA sample; Jeffreys repeatedly notice the same observation for different DNA sample. He arrived to the conclusion of each organism contains a pattern of the DNA sequence that is unique to them, with multiple individuals from the same zygote, e.g., identical twins. In the United Kingdom, approximately 50% of the crimes are unsolved, approximately 159, 000 unsolved crimes. (Herbert, 2011)

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DNA profiling is a method that is becoming more popular in criminal investigations because of how the method can guarantee a DNA match. Unlike other methods, DNA profiling can take a DNA sample of a suspect and give an identity, because with DNA profiling the method uses all types of records to find the identity, not just the records of past criminals. The use of all of these different records helps in case the suspect’s match is a guarantee and not just someone with a past criminal record, whose DNA is similar to that of the actual suspect (Pros and Cons). Another reason why DNA profiling is becoming more and more popular in criminal investigations is because DNA profiling can use a wide range of DNA samples. In other methods of finding a DNA match,

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Eyewitness testimonies has contributed tremendously towards law enforcement and crime, helping to place the accused behind bars for the crimes they have committed. Although it has helped to place a huge number of these accused behind bars, eyewitness testimony has been proven to be rather inaccurate and unreliable (Brigham, Maass, Snyder, & Spaulding, 1982). Through the advancement of technology, DNA evidence has proven that some of these individuals have been wrongfully incarcerated. DNA evidence may be an effective measure, but it would only help to solve a minimal number of cases when DNA samples present. At times, DNA evidence might only help to prove that the individual is present at the crime scene.

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The increasing use of the DNA testing technology and the technology getting more and more advanced, a number of cases of wrongful conviction have been resolved and the innocent victims have been freed from incarceration (www.innocenceproject.org). The study by Scheck et al. , (2000) depicted that among a pool of 2000 prisoners around 62 victims were released using the evidence from DNA testing and across these 62 cases, 15 (24%) involved the instances of false confessions. As the project continued the number of exonerated innocent prisoners rose to 188 by 2006, December with 45 cases of wrongful convictions arising due false confessions again (www.innocenceproject.org).

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In 1990 they then created a pilot project called the Combined DNA Index System known as the CODIS which was a combination of both forensic and computer technology used to help solve crimes. Therefore, DNA analysis is not only a way of securing convictions; it is also a way of excluding suspects who might otherwise be falsely charged with and convicted of serious crimes.5 Furthermore, the forensic use of DNA technology in criminal cases began in 1986 when police asked Dr. Alec J. Jeffreys (who coined the term "DNA fingerprints" 6) of Leicester University (England) to verify a suspect's confession that he was responsible for two rape-murders in the English Midlands.7 Tests proved that the suspect had not committed the crimes. Police then began obtaining blood samples from several thousand male inhabitants in the area to identify a new suspect.8 In a 1987 case in England, Robert Melias became the first person convicted of a crime (rape) on the basis of DNA

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This DNA sample was tested to determine if the DNA left on Mary Sullivan was a match. This proved to not be a match. This shows some suspicion to the final verdict of the

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Therefore, small traces of DNA in one’s skin cells are transferred to the items we come in contact with. With the recent advances in DNA technology, only seven or eight cells from the outermost layer of our skin is required to process the DNA. When collecting samples from fingerprints

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