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Dna Synthesis Lab Report

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A practical step-by-step on how to transcribe and translate DNA sequence
DNA transcription and translation are common terms in DNA replication. Therefore, for one to understand and master how to transcribe and translate a particular DNA sequence, one needs to know the meaning of DNA replication, DNA transcription, and DNA translation. DNA replication is defined as the synthesis of daughter DNA from the parental DNA. DNA transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA using the DNA template. DNA translation is the process of synthesizing proteins using the messenger RNA (mRNA) as the template. Additionally, one has to comprehend the roles of transfer RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) in DNA transcription and translation. mRNA transfers the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes, where they identify the sequence of the protein product. On the other hand, tRNA interprets the genetic information carried by the messenger RNA into protein. tRNA acts as the physical link between the protein amino acid sequence and the messenger RNA. tRNA has anticodon and covalent attachment ends. The anticodon creates three base pairs with the mRNA codon while the covalent attachment end attaches to the amino acid that resembles the anticodon sequence. …show more content…

First one has to know the Chargaff base pairing rule. According to this rule; in DNA, Adenosine (A) pairs with thymidine (T) in double bonds while cytidine pairs with the guanosine in triple bonds. In RNA, thymidine is replaced with the uridine(U). The picture below shows how these bonds occur in DNA

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Whereas eukaryotes contain 80S ribosomes (60S and 40S subunits) and consist of 40% RNA and 60% proteins . This emphasis on the idea that the synthesis of proteins in eukaryotes is on a larger scale than prokaryotes and relates to the more complex protein structures that exist in eukaryotes. In general, translation is much more rapid process in prokaryotes, as transcription occurs in the cytoplasm and so the mRNA has quick and easy access to ribosomes for translation to occur. Whereas in eukaryotes, mRNA would need to be transferred to the cytoplasm to be used for translation. Therefor, translation in eukaryotes adds only one amino acid per second whereas about 20 amino acids can be added in one second in

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