Does Testosterone Affect Social Behavior?

Social behaviour is a type of behaviour that is mainly directed towards the society or more specifically, interactions between species of the same kind. In human, social behaviour is driven by one’s mental and physical state, and more specifically, hormone in the human body plays a huge role in affecting social behaviour. This may due to hormone concentrations, location of hormone receptors etc. In particular, testosterone is a major sex steroid hormone that is produced in the testes and ovaries in men and women respectively. It is responsible for the development of male bodily changes and reproductive tissues. There have been studies that in non-human animals, high level of testosterone can facilitate aggression, which is a type of behaviour that

Biologist has come up to this conclusion in a finding involving castrated animals, where they have little to no level of testosterone have shown that they have no intention to be involved in any sort of fights, however this has been resolved by providing them with testosterone supplements (Eisenegger et al. 2011, p.g. 263). Also, many researches have come up to a conclusion that the level of testosterone is related to challenges and competition. More specifically, the “Challenge Hypothesis” that originally explained the variations of testosterone in birds has concluded that the level of testosterone increases due to competition and challenges, which in turn would facilitate aggression (Carre et al. 2011, p.g. 3). In the same article, Carre et al. (2011, p.g. 6) also concluded that as observed in animals, physical aggression is affected by the level of testosterone, and as testosterone increases due to the winning of challenges, and as a result, this would lead to an increase the winning probability of subsequent challenges (winner effect), hence showing that testosterone is essential for the winner effect to