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Elizabeth Economy Chapter 2 Summary

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In Elizabeth Economy’s monograph, the Third Revolution: Xi Jinping and the New Chinese state, the topic of a new modern china is discussed and breaks down how President Xi Jinping wishes to steer the country into the future. Elizabeth Economy explains President Xi Jinping’s desire to constitute a Third Revolution and how there will be a “New Chinese State.” To start, one must first understand China’s past to learn what a “New Chinese” State would look like. During the time of Mao Zedong, China attempted to become a player on the World scale. (Mao winning civil war? Command economy, totalitarian society, and Mao cult, How Maoist China actually closed itself off from the world)
Economically Mao instituted a program named The Great Leap forward …show more content…

Any outspoken person of Mao was attacked. The Cultural revolution worked. After Mao Zedong’s death and Hua Guofeng, essentially a Mao fanboy, failed as his successor, Deng Xiaoping took over control of China and basically saved the country. Deng Xiaoping started to undo some of Mao’s policies and began to open up the country. Xiaoping wanted to shift away from Maoism and began to institute 4 modernization to help China grow. The 4 Modernizations were to modernize agriculture, industry, national defense, science, and technology. These modernizing reforms helped move China from a command economy to an economy that was closer to a market driven one. Zones for foreign investment opened up and the state decentralized with a collective leadership. Deng Xiaoping and his handpicked successors helped China become a budding economic super power while at the same time keeping a pretty low profile global …show more content…

Despite the good that Xiaoping did for China economically, he was far from being a perfect leader. The handling of 1989 Tiananmen Square Protest and Massacre still showed the terrible side of the Chinese Communist Party. Following Xiaoping there was a time where it seemed as if China was starting to open up more. This would change under the leadership of President Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping took over with a vision of a new Chinese state. President Xi started with centralizing authority under personal leadership. President Xi began to centralize institutional power by obtaining institutional power over committees and commissions. In this phase, Xi ended term limits so life terms were now possible for leadership in the Chinese Communist Party. In addition, President Xi also undertook massive anti-corruption campaigns to rid the party of potential threats. Cleaning up the party helps Xi gain popularity in China. President Xi wrote his thought into the Chinese Constitution in 2017. Xi thought says that global triumph of socialism over capitalism is

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958 Words | 4 Pages

In the mid 19th century, the Chinese were experiencing extreme poverty and discontent. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, China was a booming economic power, producing a large majority of the world’s goods. But the country fell behind in technology and industry, not understanding how to utilise and distribute their land effectively. Rebellions, such as the Taiping Rebellion, and the military failure of the Opium Wars demonstrated to the Chinese government that reform was required. After defeating the rebels, the government attempted to appease them with the Self-Strengthening Movement.

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Twentieth century China witnessed several events that shaped the country. Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party since 1949 dominated the political system in its entirety. During the 1960’s, a new movement emerged that impacted many people who were living in China and is still felt today. The Cultural Revolution exemplified Mao Zendong’s ideology in transforming the country into his vision. Rae Yang’s book, Spider Eaters: A Memoir with a New Preface, details her life experiences during the Cultural Revolution.

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Grace Fair April 20th, 2023 Mr. Selitto World History China DBQ Mao and Deng both transformed China in similar and different ways. Mao tended to be harsher, wanting everyone to conform to his idea of the cultural revolution of China. While Deng wanted people to have more capitalistic ideas, allowing people to run things themselves without harsh control from the government. This DBQ will discuss how China ran under the similar and different political, diplomatic, and economic rules of Mao and Deng.

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During this time period china was basically falling apart. The Chinese’s way how government had no set way, and was constantly being oppressed by foreign influence. Every part of their government was flawed. They began all these programs and laws in efforts to improve their country, but they soon abolished it all. They were sending children away to study in foreign nations.

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As China grew with population and technologies, so did their government. Their military was weak but they had the idea to make iron and steel weaponry. The increase of weapons allowed the Chinese military to have more power over the people. Yet, the downfall of their era was their tactics in controlling their army and the rebellious citizens. As China’s economy and population grows, so does the growth of politics and Urban life styles.

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Chairman Mao Zedong’s Great Proletarian Revolution created scarring effects on the Chinese youth of the time. Chairman Mao’s propaganda encouraged the young population to revolt against the old systems, to give up their education and to support and participate in his revolution. Finally, Mao’s policies stripped the youth of their identities and created a generation of mindless and uneducated adults. These actions taken by Mao and his communist government failed to achieve their goals and forced the entire population to suffer through a decade of economic struggle. The youth of China were directly targeted and encouraged by Mao and the Communist government to destroy all old ideas, culture and customs by taking a violent role in the revolution.

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“Mao’s choice to start the regime change is currently perceived as a trial to tear down his enemies by releasing the citizens from the association and influencing them to clear its administrators. The uprising began in 1966 and ended in 1976 when Mao died. ”1 Mao’s decision to begin the revolution was fueled by his argument that the party and the government no longer had a revolutionary zeal and were interested in protecting their authority. Therefore, Mao and his supporters believed an uninterrupted revolution would allow the Chinese to attain utopian communism. Mao also supported the concept of open criticism whereby the Chinese citizens would expose and punish the ruling class members.

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When Mao rose to power, China was in a situation that included widespread economic and social challenges. The economic challenges stemmed from weak industrialization and agricultural struggles, while the social issues came from an elitist dynamic which led to discrimination and unrest. Mao took these conditions in China as an opportunity to make himself more persuasive. The people, who were desperate for change, received promises of land reform and social equality from a man who represented himself as a hero. Not only was Mao making himself seen as more favorable towards his existing supporters, but also to supporters of opposition.

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The struggle between the two ideologies results in a country trying to adapt to 21st century values, while still holding on to their past. Evan Osnos’ book, Age of Ambition Chasing Fortune, Truth and Faith in the New China, describes this tug-of-war battle between freedom and control that

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868 Words | 4 Pages

This eventually led to the decision of Chinese leaders to implement anther reform to eliminate the instability and return a comprehensive healthcare system to the people of China, leading to it’s healthcare system today (Blumenthal,

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Mao’s rise to power was a result of favourable conditions resulting from both the failures of the Nationalist party (GMD) and the various successes of the Communist party (CCP). Before Mao was able to consolidate his power over China in 1949, he first had to become solitary leader of the CCP party which he accomplished through his effective use of propaganda, ideology, policies and use of force. Prior to this, China had been led by incompetent leaders and as a result of their actions, it experienced a weakness of political system, impact of war and various economic factors. Towards the beginning of the 20th century, the Qing dynasty which had ruled China for nearly two millennia, was on the verge of collapse.

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1319 Words | 6 Pages

Secondly, the Cultural Revolution and the chaos and disaster this had on the Chinese population, especially through the “Down to the Countryside movement” and finally, the Cult of Mao and what the idolisation and glorification of Mao meant for the future of China. Mao’s introduction of the Great Leap Forward policy and the impacts and effects this had on the Chinese population as well as its role in the introduction of the Cultural Revolution played a key role in shaping China into what it is today. The plan’s failure lead to Mao’s loss of power, which resulted in Mao introducing the Cultural Revolution in China. Unfortunately, Mao’s five-year plan was a disaster, and caused the death of an estimated twenty to forty

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Overcoming numerous difficulties and struggles, by October 1, 1949, Mao became the chairman of the Communist Party and founded the new communist People’s Republic of China, governing the country until today. China’s glorious leader during his lifetime proved to be an exceptional hero of China to certain circumstances, leaving influential history behind for the future generation. Mao Zedong displayed incredible and positive leadership traits during the Long March Campaign. During Mao’s time in the CCP, the party encountered continuous conflicts with the Kuomintang nationalist party (KMT) led by Chiang Kai Shek as both sides considered

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The durability of China’s regime has been a controversy among scholars and the experts of China’s issue. Some predicted that China’s regime would crumble following the collapse of the largest authoritarian regime (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). Somehow China survived and began to grow; however, various explicit problems happening in China are devastating. Bruce Dickson argues that people may underestimate China’s adaptability. Although the reaction of the government is slow, it can adapt many political or societal changes and reclaim its legitimacy.

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I refer to Saich (2010) and Lawrence and Martin (2013) for outlining China’s political institutions14 and further I include Mertha’s review (2009) on FA and Xu’s analysis of the “Regionally Decentralised Authoritarian” regime (2011) in order to take into account recent developments. In contrast to Mao's leadership period, who enjoyed absolute power, now a rather "collective headship" has been established and emphasised by Chinese authorities (Li, 2012). The Party’s General Secretary Xi Jinping is ranked first among the seven members of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese

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