ipl-logo

Paul Ekman's Four Basic Emotions

1403 Words6 Pages

Emotion is any conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a certain degree of pleasure or displeasure (Wikipedia). Although there are apparently many different types of emotions, they all have some common characteristics. Emotions are mainly non-purposeful and instinctive. Those acting principally on the emotions they are feeling may seem as if they are not thinking, but mental processes are still essential, exceptionally in the interpretation of events. In the perspective of basic emotions written by Paul Ekman (1999), fear, anger, disgust, sadness and contempt, all negative emotions, differ in their appraisal, antecedent events, probable behavioral response, and physiology. Same goes to amusement, pride in achievement, …show more content…

In the research done by Paul Ekman (1999), his research findings led him to classify six emotions as basic: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. Due to these basic emotions are believed to be differentiated by an individual’s facial expression and biological processes, they are well described as “discrete”. Robert Plutchik agreed with Ekman’s perspective but developed the “wheel of emotions”, suggesting eight primary emotions grouped on a positive or negative basis: joy versus sadness; anger versus fear; trust versus disgust; and surprise versus anticipation.
Although emotion is a universal phenomenon experienced by everyone, there are some criticisms based on the cultural considerations. Ethnographic and cross-cultural studies of emotions have demonstrated the diversity in which emotions differ with cultures. The biggest evidence that conflicts with the universality of emotions is language. Variety within language precisely correlates to the differences in emotion presentation. Hence, in this case, I would like to propose to research on emotion as well as text to maximize the accuracy and contribution towards social media …show more content…

Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food. It is often widened to include musculature, organs such as liver and kidney, and the brain and other edible tissues. (Radomir, L.) Human being have hunted animals for meat since prehistoric times. Most of the meat consumed comes from domestic animals and aquatic organisms. Meat can be subdivided into four categories which are red meat, poultry meat, seafood and game meat. Among mammalian species, the meats consumed by humans are primarily from cattle, pigs and

Show More
Related

Summary: An Omnivore's Dilemma

1766 Words | 8 Pages

In Michael Pollan’s book, An Omnivore’s Dilemma, we are focused on many different views of eating meat and other foods that are products of animals. The majority of those who chose to consume

Read More

Comparing How I Live Now, And The Scarlet Ibis, By Richard Matheson

1161 Words | 5 Pages

Effects of Shared Humanity A human is a creature that goes through experiences such as emotions, choices , relationships, losses, survival, and moral dilemmas. These are apart of a concept known as Shared Humanity. The things everybody has in common affect how a person would see the world around them.

Read More

How Does Fitzergerald Use Social Gatherings In The Great Gatsby

947 Words | 4 Pages

The Great Gatsby. The Great Gatsby, a book written by the now well known F. Scott Fitzergerald uses a variety of social gatherings to portray how it affects the characters who inhabit them. In particular, this can be conveyed in three major ways: The small social gatherings used by Gatsby and Nick's associates, the massive parties thrown by Gatsby, and the funeral of him. Each one reflects a different occasion, and a lot can be told about the main characters and who they surround themselves with.

Read More

Modern Horse Slaughter Research Paper

292 Words | 2 Pages

Modern Day Consumption of Horse Meat Most Americans today oppose the slaughter and consumption of horses because horses are seen as companionship animals, the horse slaughter industry is especially cruel, dislike for the gamey taste of horse meat, and there are many unsafe chemicals in the meat of horses that were cared for as pets or property. Contrary to widespread opposition, humans have consumed horse meat for thousands of years, whether it be for necessity or enjoyment of it as a delicacy. Around 400 B.C, horses were domesticated for transportation, so the consumption of these animals declined. A pivotal event in the rise of the modern horse slaughter industry in the Western world came about during eighteenth century France, when young

Read More

Mark Bittman What's Wrong With What We Eat Analysis

745 Words | 3 Pages

Experts recommend that adults eat just over half a pound of meat per week to help reduce their risk for diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and/or strokes. “We don’t eat animal products for sufficient nutrition, we eat them to have an odd form of malnutrition, and It’s killing us” (Bittman). There’s a simple way to reduce not only our calorie intake, but our carbon footprint as well: “less meat, less junk food, more plants” (Bittman). While Bittman makes some very compelling points about how much of the meat we produce and subsequently waste, he fails to take into account the affordability of meat because of it’s mass production, as well as the simple facts that most people lack the time needed to produce meals with fruits and

Read More

Meat For Consumption In Upton Sinclair's The Jungle

1628 Words | 7 Pages

From the time man invented fire, animal meat has been a main part of the human diet. Meat, a product we get from other animals, is a primary source of our daily diet. Over time, we progressed from hunting with our bare hands to using tools, and then to guns, yet in the last century, machines were created to mass produce and process consumable livestock. We don’t even touch the meat ourselves until we are preparing it as a meal. The most common livestock we eat includes poultry, cattle and pigs, according to an article in Business Insider (2014).

Read More

Fast Food Nation: The Federal Meat Inspection Act

1329 Words | 6 Pages

In the United States, according to the North American Meat Institute, the average man will consume about 6.9 oz of meat in a day, while a women will consume about 4.4 oz. Meat companies in America produced 25.8 billion pounds of beef and 38.4 pounds of chicken just in 2013 alone. People walk into grocery stores and purchase meat but never think twice about the environment their food, or the workers that handle the animals, were in. Upton Sinclair exposed the industry with “The Jungle” in 1906, people were now fully aware of what was sometimes in the meat, this lead to the Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906. Therefore, once the 1980s came along, companies relocated to rural areas and became a non-union workforce.

Read More

Examples Of Emotions In The Great Gatsby

426 Words | 2 Pages

"No matter the situation, never let your emotions overpower your intelligence." (Pinterest) Emotions are always with people. The way people react to certain things is all based on emotions. These emotions can often lead to violent or harmful actions.

Read More

The Power Of Emotions In Romeo And Juliet

1355 Words | 6 Pages

Emotions are what propel you forward to reach your goal, but what also stop you from breaking your limits. They are what weigh into our decisions and help lead us to the choices we forever live with. Not only can they determine what we do, but also when and how we do it. At times they are stronger than others, pulling us forward or throwing us back as if we have absolutely no control. Just like in Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, the entire lives of two teenagers led by the emotions that they couldn’t ignore.

Read More

Consider The Lobster By David Foster Wallace Summary

1067 Words | 5 Pages

However, ethics do play a role, in that morals is one of the elements that separates us from other animals. I believe that if you kill an animal or plant for food, you should put a majority of it to use in some way. I also believe animals and plants that are grown as a source of food should have as little interaction with humans as possible. We should not eat animals and plants if we are endangering their existence by eating them. As long as animal or plant does not fall into one of these exceptions, then I believe it is ethically permissible to eat

Read More

Essay On Being Pescatarian

758 Words | 4 Pages

There are many reasons why people choose not to eat meat. Studies indicate how animals are mistreated. Animals’ are known to carry diseases but are more seen as impure for they are injected with steroids, drugs and hormones in order to produce larger quantities of meat which not only has a negative effect on the animal but can lead to cancer in humans. Research has claimed that

Read More

Computational Representational Theory

943 Words | 4 Pages

Additionally, physiological reactions, conscious awareness and expression typically accompany emotions, ultimately leading the individual to engage in a course of action influenced by a combination of these factors (Oatley,

Read More

Homer Legacy Essay

578 Words | 3 Pages

Title: Homer: The Greek Poet and His Enduring Legacy Introduction: Homer, the Greek poet of antiquity, remains a prominent figure in literature. Although details about his life are a mystery, his two epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey, have captivated audiences for centuries. This essay dives into Homer's background, his motivations as a poet, and his legacy. Additionally, it explores the impact of his work on modern literature.

Read More

Eating Meat Is Ethical Essay

768 Words | 4 Pages

Alongside to the economic benefits that meat brings into our society, meat industries also help people from the lower class. Without meat industries, people from the lower class would eventually starve out as their easy and cheap access to food would be taken away from them. Simply eating small grains and vegetables would no longer provide the same amount of nutrients in their diet as previously mentioned in the paragraph above. It is for this reason that eating meat is ethical as taking it away would cause detrimental effects to our

Read More

Persuasive Essay On Eating Meat

1421 Words | 6 Pages

Eating meat is beneficial to humanity, because they provide nourishment that cannot be obtained from other sources. Without the support of animals, humans lack a distinctive diet, that is essential to their well-being. However, since animals are so important to the diet, they deserve great care and respect as well. Humans were always hunters and gathers. They always knew that meat was a big source of protein that helped keep them going(Araki).

Read More

More about Paul Ekman's Four Basic Emotions

Related Topics

Open Document