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Oil Pollution In The Red Sea

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Introduction
Oil pollution has became a global environmental issue in the oceanic ecosystems and inland aquatic ecosystems which threatened greatly. The evaluation and prediction of the effects of oil pollution on water environment have become a very urgent and important issue. It has been estimated that approximately 5 million tons of crude oil enters the marine environment each year from a variety of sources mostly known are the spills from shipwreck, but there are several less conspicuous sources, like intentional flushing of ship compartments, spills from oil rigs, oil from industries, oil refineries, run-off from urban areas (Neff, 1990 and Kennedy & Farrell, 2008).
The fate of oil after spillage at sea spreading and movement when oil …show more content…

The Gulf of Suez is the area the most at risk of oil pollution in the Red Sea, the numbers of oil spill incidents recorded in the Gulf Region is more than 122, ranging from a very small spill to a large scale spill (JICA & EEAA, 2008). The sources of oil pollution in Red Sea and its Gulfs (refining, transportation, production and terminal operations) was ranked among the heavily polluted marine environments, because while each km of the world’s oceans receives 9.17 kg / year of oil, each km2 in the Red Sea receives 14.61 kg of oily wastes per year. It was estimated that each km2 of the red Sea receives about 13 times the quantity received by each km in the Worlds Ocean (Awad, …show more content…

Moreover some researchers use the invertebrate animal as an indicator for PAHs contamination in marine environment regarding to its high content of lipids that leads to accumulation of organic contaminants (Nemirovskaya,1999 and El Deeb et al.,2007; Karacik et al., 2009).
Petroleum aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons are the most significant classes of organic pollution to the water environment, causing a serious effect on the water ecosystem and are being harmful to the health of the living creatures and human body (El Nemr et al., 2004 and Zhang & Kang, 2009). In the marine environment, PAHs occur by atmospheric depositions, riverine inputs and oil spillage (Oros & Ross, 2004; Culotta et al.,

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