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Essay On Antebellum Reform

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There were many major movements and goals of the antebellum reform. Before the Civil War, almost 100 reform communities were instituted. Some were democratic, others were ruled over by an interesting leader. Most of them were motivated by religion, but some had desires to reverse social and economic changes. Almost all of these communities wanted to have a cooperative society, to revive social harmony in an individualistic society and to close the growing space between the rich and the poor. “Socialism” and “communism” was introduced into America’s political lingo when the reformers tried to own useful property together as a community instead of private individuals. Several Utopian societies attempted to change traditional gender roles and …show more content…

The creation of numerous institutions that were designed to help individuals transform into free, moral citizens that would conduct services needed. During the 1830 's and 1840 's, Americans constructed jails for criminals, asylums for the mentally ill, and orphanages for underage children. The reason these places were built were to cure the "social ills" and eliminate them by placing certain individuals in an environment where their flawed character would be manipulated and transformed. Before the Civil War the most important building effort was the movement to create common schools that would be open to all children. During the early nineteenth century, almost all children were educated in local schools, private academies, or just at home. One problem still stood and that was that many children did not have any access to education. A Massachusetts lawyer by the name of Horace Mann, led movements to try to create new common schools for all children. Mann believed that available public education for children of every social class would revive social equality and give them an equal chance to excel in social mobility. These schools would also keep society in order by disciplining children and building their individual character and teaching them to obey authority. By 1860, with the help from generous labor unions, factory owners and middle-class reformers, every northern state had school systems for all children of every social

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Before the war America alludes to the period between 1780-1860 which was referred to Antebellum America. This period was a time when people were torn between continuing slavery and people who was in support of slavery ending. The people that was in favor of fighting for the rights of ending slavery where called Abolitionist. In addition, this period saw a shift in financial action in both the north and the south.

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In completing this week’s reading, Antebellum Reform: Salvation, Self-Control, and Social Transformation by Wendy Gamber,  I identified several key terms that illustrate the significance of the Antebellum Reform period. Following the Second Great Awakening, the Antebellum Reform was a time period of self-control and moral suasion. Self control refers to the ability to control oneself and supports the predestination to free will, or the idea that “one’s station in life was not fixed [...] it was your fault, not God’s will, if you failed to succeed on earth or to gain salvation in heaven” (Gamber, p. 132). Certainly, people can control their own behaviors and attitudes; however, self-control became synonymous with the ideal of the American

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At the beginning of the nineteenth century, American society began to focus on the welfare of minority groups. Women’s suffrage and abolition were rooted as deeply as the history of America, but asylum and prison reform sprouted with the Second Great Awakening, a movement that occurred in the early 1800s. The Second Great Awakening was led by religious leaders who advocated for changes in American society through the unity of the American people (Doc. Due to the Second Great Awakening, reform movements were established between 1825 and 1850 in order to represent the changes the people sought for in the issues of slavery, suffrage, and asylum and prison reform. The social aspect of the abolition movement led to the visible democratic changes in society and politics.

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In “Organizing the American School: The Nineteenth Century Schoolmarm”, Joel Spring discusses how the common school reform, which took place during the middle of the nineteenth century, resulted in the creation of new forms of school organization. He then includes three steps that were needed for the common school to be actualized and how women were involved in factors dealing with the steps. The first step was to create a teaching force that was stable and inexpensive. Spring writes that the creation of this force began with the efforts of women educators, which lead to the establishment of teacher-training institutions. Their efforts were listened to since reformers of the common school believed women would be able to successfully provide moral education, similar to how women were already believed to have an impact on how their sons’ morality

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The Common School reform, introduced by Horace Mann the director of the state's board of education, offered an education to all children regardless of class. Before implementation of the Common School reform, most children were educated through various avenues or simply did not have access to any educational opportunities. By offering a universal public education, children were presented with an equal opportunity that allowed for an ability to advance within society. Additionally, it offered women actual career prospects as teachers. However, as this reform was successful in the North, the South had no desire for educating those that threatened their social order.

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1957 Words | 8 Pages

However, even with the failures of 20th Century socialistic regimes, would socialism be better suited and successful in a more modern society such as America today? This lends to the debate of different socialists organizations within America and which would be best suited for the job of establishing a new socialistic America. To which, if one is found, would that form of socialism be successful to preserving democracy and maintaining a non-radical stance to power and control unlike past socialist regimes? Socialism in itself is of public concern; socialism is making resurgence back into American politics, this ideology has not been a competing opponent to typical political parties in America since the early 20th century. While in the present, socialism is returning and the ideas of Democratic Socialism could be the best form of socialism in America, due to its reform movements, the goals of equality of labor, wealth and society and how America would look as a new 21st Century

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The American Civil War that was started due to the controversy over slavery in 1861, was won by The Union supported by President Lincoln against the Confederate states. President Lincoln’s original goal during the civil war was to reunify the nation as quickly as possible and help both sides come to an understanding. After the Civil War ended in 1865, the newly formed United States’ reconstruction era began. The Reconstruction era was put into effect by the Congress in 1866 and lasted until 1877. The Union’s victory in the Civil War had given African Americans a new sense of hope, devastated the southern economy, and eased the history of disunity in American political life.

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Early national schools differed from nineteenth century schools because reformers such as Horace Mann and Henry Barnard decided that an organized school system which would create more opportunity and create more diversity. Mann and Barnard also believed that education could prevent crime and reduce poverty. Some schools also began to deviate from the traditional one-room schoolhouses for example the Marlborough School Building in New Hampshire, which was built in 1880. During the Twentieth century many people believed that education for all people was essential. By the early 1900’s most kindergarten classes were involved in public schools.

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The reform movement of Abolitionism came as a direct outgrowth from the Second Great Awakening, along with the illegal slave trades that had a large area of support in the southern states which allowed for the illegal immigration of slaves into the United States. While the reform movement mainly came from the Northern States, there were some areas within the South that had pro-abolition supporters such as Henry C. Wright, Frederick Douglass and several others. It contributed to the expansion of the Democratic values due to the fact that one of these values include that there is fairness and freedom for everyone. This movement was the most dramatic and and important success movement that revolved around the anti-slavery campaign. Abolitionist

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30201 History P102, Final Exam Take Home Essay Communism is the governmental idea which the state owns the major resources in society, such as education, property, agriculture, and transportations. Communism advises a society for the people to follow the labor benefits and rejects the class system of redistribution of income. In America, the capital of capitalism; where men and women can own private property and trade without the meddling of government. Other governments, however, can’t or won’t set up a capitalist economic model in their country.

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Through the education, prison, and Temperance movements, the Antebellum time period prior to the Civil War introduced many democratic ideals that we now hold dear, ranging from public education to fair mental healthcare. Horace Mann, the leader of the education reforms, sought to provide public education to all citizens, as his state of Massachusetts was heavily focused on enhancing education, according to Document #3. Since before the United States became its own independent nation, Puritan beliefs included an emphasis on education, a clear precursor to this time period. From the implementation of schools with the Old Deluder Act, to the current education reform, the education system was in need of a reform in order to be made available to all — Mann’s main point he was trying to convey. As with the Temperance Movement, the banning of alcohol sparked wild controversy.

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Reconstruction caused prejudice and inequality. To elaborate, the creation of the Ku Klux Klan and the Black Codes were both in the time period of reconstruction, which caused chaos and violence throughout the Union. One of the goals of reconstruction was to repair the economy in the South, because it depended on slavery, which was now illegal, due to the thirteenth amendment. The South’s economic system now depended on Sharecropping, which caused former slaves to be in constant debt and was unjust to the black society. The reconstruction time period, was a time of dispute between the Union.

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650 Words | 3 Pages

Slavery in America first began in the first permanent English settlement, Jamestown, in 1619. African slaves were brought to this colony to assist the colonist in the production of the profitable crop tobacco. Slavery in America would go on to be practiced throughout the America until the late 18th century. The abolition movement was an endeavor to abolish slavery in the United States.

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The public schools’ content, discipline, and amount of religiosity differed due to the early influences, general demographics, and the three sections. All states in America had free public schools by 1870, but attendance was not completely mandatory. Into the twentieth century, as it became a known fact that the more educated a person was, the more productive they could be, laws were established that required all foreigners to be americanized so that American education was able to expand and be unified as one

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Education in the United States has been a beneficial factor for children for the last 200 years. It is prioritized that children must be taught the three R’s in a school setting. “Some district schools and old-field schools offered older children a smattering of grammar, geography, and other subjects, but generally students were occupied with reading, writing, and arithmetic” (Kaestle, Carl E. pg.17). In the 18th century, education was becoming a revolutionary movement that helped children be taught the important keys to help them in careers. The founding fathers were concerned about the republic turning into anarchy so they hoped for the creation of a republic.

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