Introduction
Gallbladder is an organ in the body and it is part of the biliary system. It is a pear-shaped muscular sac that is located on the ventral surface of the liver and on the right side of the abdomen. Moreover, it has 3 layers; an outer serous peritoneal layer, a middle smooth muscle layer and the last layer is an inner mucosal layer which is connected to the lining of the bile duct.
The main function of the gallbladder is to store and concentrate bile which helps the body to break down and digest fats. The liver produces bile which flows into the gallbladder through the bile ducts. After a meal, the gallbladder releases bile when the hormone cholecystokinin is secreted by the small intestine. Then the bile flows into the intestine to break down the fats.
There are two common disorders of the gallbladder which are cholelithiasis (gallstones) and inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecytitis). In addition, cancer can affect the gallbladder although it is very rare. Gallstones form when the cholesterol
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They can be noticed casually by some tests such as, CT scan, Ultrasounds, or X-rays. Whereas, symptomatic gallstones where symptoms are shown require the physician to do a physical examination, to check for abdominal pain, and examine the eyes and skin for jaundice (a condition with yellow skin or whites of the eyes). And since the symptoms are similar to other inflammations, the doctor might ask for further examination such as blood tests to check for the level of bilirubin (A yellow pigment that cause jaundice) in the body, Ultrasounds to check for gallstones since it is the fastest and painless procedure to check for stones. Other tests might include, Cholecystography or Cholangiography which are dyes that are inserted to the body along with taking X-rays. Diagnosis and tests techniques are to be done depending on the situation of the