Knee joint is the largest and most complicated joint in the human body.
It is a remarkable joint by engineering standards; there is no engineering bearing that resembles it either in construction or in the complexity of its geometry [1]. The knee has very effectively evolved to move from 0o extension to 135o flexion together with 20o to 30o rotation of the flexed leg on the femoral condyles. The knee is used for everything from standing up, sitting, walking, running, etc. It’s a weight-bearing joint that straightens bends, twist and rotates. All this motion increases risk of acute or overuse knee injuries. Acute knee injuries including torn ligaments and torn cartilage are often caused by twisting the knee or falling. Sports that involve running
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Overuse knee injuries including muscle strain, tendonitis and bursitis may develop gradually over days or weeks. Pain is often mild and intermittent in the beginning and worsens over time. When muscles and tendons are stressed even slightly beyond their capabilities, microscopic tears occur. These tears must be given a chance to heal before subjected to the same activity to avoid overuse injury. Treat overuse injuries early to prevent chronic problems. Knee osteoarthritis is a common cause of knee pain. The risk increases with age. Osteoarthritis is a form of arthritis involving degeneration of the cartilage [3,4]. By determining the medical history of a patient and comparing it to the patient's current symptoms a medical professional can determine the source of the knee pain. Additional tests, such as X-ray, CT scan, MRI, Bone scan, Ultrasound and Arthroscopy make the diagnosis clear to both the patient and the doctor [5].
The non-invasive imaging techniques of X-ray, CT-scan, MRI, Bone scan and Ultrasound can capture only gross cartilage defects and may not be useful for early detection of cartilage pathology [6]. The semi-invasive
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techniques of arthroscopy are a diagnostic and surgical procedure to