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Essay Outline For Animal Testing

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Emily Smukler Mrs Wagner AP Seminar December 2022 Word Count: 1093 Animal Testing Outline Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, is defined by the Legal Information Institute of Cornell as the use of living animals in a laboratory “for scientific research [...] for a variety of purposes including studying biology [...] testing pharmaceutical products and cosmetics'' and more for human gain (Cornell Legal Information Institute, 2022). There is much controversy over the ethicality of animal testing, as these animals are being forced into a potentially harmful situation. This form of investigation is not new to the scientific world, as animal vivisections have been performed since before the …show more content…

The first, utilitarianism, can be described by philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham as an attempt to increase the number of “good things'' and decrease bad things (Wang, 2020). This extends to animal research as experimentation may harm the animal. It is thus categorized as a negative aspect, and should not be used even for the human benefit. On the other hand, advocates for kantian philosophy follow the principles of its originator Emmanuel Kant. As an enlightenment philosopher, he actively promoted the idea that morals must be put behind scientists in order to improve the human condition. In his eyes, animals are subhuman and “have a reduced value” due to their lack of intelligence in comparison to humans (Wang, 2020). Thus, it is socially acceptable for animals to be used as a means to an end rather than risking the lives of our own people. The philosophies have their clear distinctions, and advocates of both are faced with the debate on how their ideas can be implemented into the laboratory. Many laboratories may adopt forms of either philosophy to justify their methods of experimentation, yet there are others that abuse its ideals to create a harmful space for lab animals. The American-Anti Vivisection Society, a large organization whose goal is to better the condition of human-animal interactions, published in an article by author Susan Hunnicut (2013) on animal …show more content…

(2007). The ethics of animal research. Talking Point on the use of animals in scientific research. EMBO reports, 8(6), 526–530. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400993 Hajar R. (2011). Animal testing and medicine. Heart views : the official journal of the Gulf Heart Association, 12(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-705X.81548 Nuwer, R. (2022, November 4). US agency seeks to phase out animal testing. Nature News. Retrieved December 19, 2022, from https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-03569-9 Wang, Y., Zhao, Y., & Song, F. (1970, January 1). [PDF] The ethical issues of animal testing in cosmetics industry. Semantic scholar. Humanities and social sciences. Retrieved December 19, 2022, from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-Ethical-Issues-of-Animal-Testing-in-Cosmetics-Wang-Zhao/488581d3264e6898429b5603d2af7b6b30dc0102 Cornell Legal Information Institute. (2022, June). Animal Testing | Wex | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute. Law.Cornell.Edu. Retrieved December 21, 2022, from https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/animal_testing Why Do Scientists Use Animals in Research? (n.d.). American Physiological Society. Retrieved December 21, 2022, from

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Scientist have been overstepping boundaries in many parts of the scientific world, one of these being animal testing. Animal testing is when scientist test on animals and inject them or mutate their genes for a human gain, typically with no gain for the animal. The National Library of Medicine posted an article on the flaws and harms of animal experimentation, these flaws can be put in these, “...three major conditions undermine this confidence and explain why animal experimentation, regardless of the disease category studied, fails to reliably inform human health: (1) the effects of the laboratory environment and other variables on study outcomes, (2) disparities between animal models of disease and human diseases, and (3) species differences in physiology and genetics.” The first condition being the influence of laboratory procedures and environments on experimental results. The conditions in these experiments show that, “animals in laboratories are involuntarily placed in artificial environments, usually in windowless rooms, for the duration of their lives.

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Purpose: To inform the audience about animal testing I. Introduction A. Attention getting device: Approximately 26 million animals are used every year in US laboratories for cosmetic and biomedical research. B. Thesis: I would like to inform you about how animal testing is conducted. C. Credibility: I have read and studied the articles about animal testing. D. Preview: I am going to share with you purposes of animal testing, how animals are used in laboratory tests, and the effectiveness of animal testing.

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The United States experiments and tests on an estimated number of 26 million animals annually, for the purpose of scientific research. The outcome of these tests are used to create medications, determine the safety of human-use products, and many other medical, profitable, and health care uses. Gathering research from a living animal is a practice that has been done for hundreds of years, but now in the modern world society is questioning whether this practice is safe and humane. While the idea of animal testing may be challenged, this method is the most optimal source of research for medical advances and should continue to be practiced. Animal testing has allowed for the development and advancement of many medicines that have been known

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Animal testing has always been a controversial and emotive topic. Each year, millions of innocent animals suffer and die in cruel chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics tests, as well as in biology lessons, medical training exercises, and curiosity-driven medical experiments at universities (“PETA Makes Its Case Against Animal Testing” 3). Think of any drug, cosmetic or household cleaner. Chances are, at one time or another, an animal suffered in order to put that product on the shelf. As many as 800 animals are sometimes tested, experts note, before a drug is determined to be safe enough to proceed to a clinical trial (“Animal Testing” 2).

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Animal testing is a highly controversial subject, disputed among many. It is evidently not pleasant to animals, but it is extremely beneficial for scientific findings. Some say it is a necessary evil, and some say it is animal cruelty. Others cannot simply make up their minds about this subject. Although many people are against animal testing, it must continue due to medicine development, advantages of testing animals over other subjects, and the regulated experiments for the animals’ safety.

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I’m here today to talk about a controversial issue that has been around for a period of time, animal testing. Animal testing using animals in experiments with different chemical substances in everything from medical to cosmetic to determine their safety as well as effectiveness . It’s a problem that has existed since the 3rd and 4th centuries BCE with its merciless methods and painful ways of abusing animals for human demands, but now it’s time for it to stop. Our technology has developed significantly since; therefore, such medieval methods of torturing animals are no longer necessary. Researches have shown that each year, over 100 million animals are tortured and killed in American laboratories alone, including dogs, cats and more; this shows how far out of hand animal testing have gotten.

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Finally I’ll give the conclusion. I want to start by sharing quotes about animal experimentation. “Atrocities are not less atrocities when they occur in laboratories and are called medical research.” -George Bernard Shaw ‘’I do not believe that any of the suffering I have caused to laboratory animals has helped

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