Upon being imprisoned for marching Dr Martin Luther King wrote a letter to the fellow clergymen of Birmingham, addressing his reasons as to why he committed his “crime”, This letter was widely known as “The Letter of Birmingham”. This letter was very influential and paramount to the cause of civil rights as it spurred up future events that would play essential roles in ending racial segregation in America. Throughout his whole letter, King used Ethos, logos, and pathos to firmly get his message across while adding rhetorical devices such as repetition, metaphors, and biblical references.
In letter to birmingham jail, despite the fact that ethos was utilized extremely well, we can trust pathos and logos are utilized most adequately with the representations of what African American confronted each day, cases in history in which the law was wrong, and the makeup of unfair laws. Dr. King depicts what they needed to look consistently and the psychological toll it took against African American families, which is a prime case of tenderness. Logos is demonstrated through recorded occasions were the law was not like it was in the Holocaust. Logos is additionally demonstrated when King depicts the contrasts between an equitable and vile law, for instance if a law benefits just a few society and damages the entire, it isn't a decent law.
In Martin Luther King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail”, he uses pathos and rhetorical questions to appeal towards the readers. Pathos is showed in King’s letter when he says, “Too long has out beloved southland been bogged down in the tragic attempt to live in monologue rather than dialogue.” (7) This quote supports pathos because King is saying we should be living in a world of dialogue not monologue, also he talks about his beloved southland. This makes the readers have sympathy for the tragic issue. Rhetorical is used to appeal towards the readers in Kings letter when he states the question, “But can this assertion be logically made?”
In King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” addressed to the Clergymen from Birmingham Prison, he uses the rhetorical appeal of ethos, pathos, and logos throughout the letter and language that invokes a sense to the clergymen's hypocrisy. Once he points out the gesture of hypocrisy, the argument for the protests becomes wide as he shifts the tone in the letter and starts to include a larger audience that would be known to agree with him directly. Richard P. Fulkerson, an Associate Professor of English and Coordinator of Composition in East Texas State University explains more clearly in one of his quarterly journal speeches that King's “letter was designed apparently as a refutative response to the clergymen.” Furthermore, Fulkerson states that
Martin Luther King Jr. effectively implements ethos,pathos, and logos in his “Letter to from a Birmingham Jail”. In terms of pathos, Martin Luther King Jr. feels disappointed and he wants to call people to action to help solve these injustices in a nonviolent way. He is outspoken about his nonviolence when he explains his four step process: “collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self purification; and direct action”. For ethos Martin Luther King Jr. is a credible source because he was a leader of the African-American Civil Rights Movement. He also addresses his own credibility in the letter “I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., one of the most profound activists and leaders of the Civil Rights Movement, once said, “Let us all hope that the dark clouds of racial prejudice will soon pass away and the deep fog of misunderstanding will be lifted from our fear-drenched communities” (King 584). When Dr. King was admitted to the Birmingham City Jail, he wrote a letter entitled, “Letter From Birmingham Jail.” This letter was a response to eight white clergymen who criticized his actions as a leader. He used three rhetorical appeals, logos, pathos, and ethos, to persuade the eight white clergymen that his actions were justifiable and that injustice was prominent in Birmingham. Essentially, these appeals allowed him to prove the logic behind his
In 1963, eight Alabama clergymen issued a seemingly hypocritical public statement accusing outsiders of leading extreme demonstrations of protest in Birmingham, Alabama, and urging local citizens to allow racial issues to be resolved by the courts. In response, civil rights activist, Martin Luther King Jr., wrote “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” which outlined the reasoning and timing of the demonstrative actions. While King’s letter exhibits an effective use of all three Aristotelian rhetorical appeals, the following analysis focuses primarily on his use of logos. His inclusion of analogies along with descriptive diction assists in emphasizing his reasoning in an attempt to logically convince his readers that waiting for the courts to settle racial injustices had proved inefficient.
1. Ethos, Logos, and Pathos are important aspects in Martin Luther King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail”. The meaning behind Ethos is to appeal to ethics, which means convincing readers of the author’s credibility, meanwhile Pathos is an appeal to emotion, and is used in literature to convince readers of an argument by getting their emotions involved. Last but not least, Logos is the appeal to logic and is used to persuade readers using a force of reason. These terms are important in MLK’s Letter from Birmingham Jail because the foundation of the letter is built upon ideas of Ethos, Pathos, and Logos.
In these texts, King effectively persuades his audiences using pathos and logos. In Martin Luther King Jr. – “Letter from Birmingham Jail” he captures both pathos and logos. Dr. King
“We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped and robbed of their dignity…”(King 263). The speech, “I have a dream” by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was given on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial to non-violent protesters for equal rights for African Americans. Counter to the speech, he also wrote the “Letter From Birmingham Jail” to respond to clergymen that had criticized him in the Newspaper.
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., one of the most powerful speaker of his time, spoke out against segregation to millions, making history for many years to come. The speech “ I Have a Dream” by Dr. King was spoken to millions of nonviolent protesters on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. That same year, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote the “Letter From Birmingham Jail” to eight white clergymen that criticized his actions. The letter was written in the margins of a newspaper at the Birmingham, Alabama jail. In the two selections Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote, he used logos and pathos to explain his views on segregation.
In Martin Luther King’s Jr, “Letter from Birmingham Jail” the letter was a persuasive attempt to get Americans to finally see the inequality in the United States of America. Throughout King’s letter, he used various ways of persuasive strategies: pathos, logos, and ethos. But the strongest influential device King used was pathos. Now the word “strongest” has various meanings, but in this instance, it means the most successful.
In Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail”, King uses multiple devices of persuasive rhetoric in order to fight injustice. King, a reverend, was a large advocate for civil rights in midst of the great movement calling for equality among all men and women. His letter is widely renowned for King’s proclamation that “in any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps: collection of facts to determine whether injustice exists, negotiation, self-purification, and direct action” (par. 6). His usage of tone and carefully placed anaphora aid King in this persuasive essay by further providing insight and evidence that support King’s four points. From Critical Thinking to Argument defines tone as “attitude towards self, topic, and
Amidst the intense Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested and put in solitary confinement for peacefully protesting racial discrimination and injustice in Birmingham, Alabama. It was during this time that Dr. King, refusing to sit idly by, wrote his “Letter from a Birmingham Jail,” one of the most inspiring documents in history. With his respectful nature, humility, compassion, optimism, and determination, King responded to a group of white Alabama clergymen who had condemned the civil rights protests as extreme in their open letter, “A Call for Unity.” Although his letter was directed towards a small group of eight men, his words eventually reached the minds and hearts of the entire country. Throughout the letter, Dr. King does a tremendous job of supporting his argument with the three elements of Aristotle’s rhetorical appeal.
Martin Luther King Jr. was an important figure in gaining civil rights throughout the 1960’s and he’s very deserving of that title as seen in both his “I Have a Dream” speech and his “Letter from Birmingham Jail” letter. In both of these writings Dr. King uses logos - logical persuasion - and pathos - emotional appeal - to change the opinions of people who were for segregation and against civil rights. Although King was arrested for a nonviolent protest, he still found a way to justify his actions with the use of logos and pathos. MLK uses both ways to gain the attention and agreement of the audience but, he uses pathos not just more, but in a more relatable way in order to appeal to his audience.
