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Separate Neutral Compounds

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In this experiment, extraction was used as a separation technique to separate the acid, base, and neutral compounds. In extraction, two immiscible solvents with different polarities are used to dissolve and separate different solute components, so they form two distinct liquid layers. In this experiment, ethyl acetate, an organic solvent, and an aqueous solution, were used as the two immiscible solvents. The extraction solvent must be capable of dissolving one of the mixture components, without irreversibly reacting with it. While initially it seems as though the organic acid, base, and neutral compounds would never pass into the aqueous layer, the conjugate acid and base of the organic base and acid respectively are soluble in water. The conjugate …show more content…

The two solvents were added to the funnel, and the funnel was capped and the stopcock was closed to avoid spilling of solution. The funnel was then turned over several times for several minutes to let the aqueous and organic layer make contact by increasing surface area of reaction. The stopcock was periodically opened to relieve the air pressure that built up due to gaseous products formed by the reactions. In the first step, HCl was added to the ethyl acetate, which protonated the organic base, forming the base’s conjugate acid, which was polar and hence soluble in the aqueous solution. The aqueous layer was drained, and NaOH was added to neutralize the solution, and deprotonate the conjugate acid to reform the original base, which, as an organic base, was mostly insoluble in an aqueous solution, and precipitated out. Similarly, NaOH deprotonated the organic acid to form a polar water soluble conjugate base. When HCl was added to neutralize the solution, the conjugate base was reprotonated, and the largely insoluble organic acid precipitated out. Sodium sulfate crystals were added to the neutral compound in the organic solvent, because of their hygroscopic property, in order to remove all water from the ethyl acetate solution. The crystals were then filtered out using a piece of cotton with a glass funnel, which ideally trapped and removed all sodium sulfate

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A syringe needle with gas product is injected into the machine, and the component is eluted and the composition is related to the column or the peaks. In this experiment, dehydration and dehydrobromination undergo the elimination reaction, which includes E1 and E2 reaction. E1 is unimolecular elimination, which is removing H-X substituent to form a double bonds. The mechanism of E1 reaction includes 2 steps, formation of carbocation and deprotonation. E2 is bimolecular elimination, which is the removal of two substituent groups to form an alkene.

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Weighed 1 gram of NaC2H3O2 and mixed it with ionized water. Boiled 12 mL of 1.0M Acetic Acid added into a beaker containing the sodium carbonate on a hot plate until all the liquid is evaporated

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Benzyne Formation and the Diels-Alder Reaction Preparation of 1,2,3,4 Tetraphenylnaphthalene Aubree Edwards Purpose: 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene is prepared by first producing benzyne via the unstable diazonium salt. Then tetraphenylcyclopentadienone and benzyne undergo a diels-alder reaction to create 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene. Reactions: Procedure: The reaction mixture was created. Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone (0.1197g, 0.3113 mmol) a black solid powder, anthranilic acid ( 0.0482g, 0.3516 mmol) a yellowish sand, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1.2 ml) was added to a 5-ml conical vial.

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The contents of the reaction flask were slowly poured into the 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask which already contained 13.75 g ice and 25 ml of 10% H2SO2. The round bottom-flask was rinsed with 2.0 mL of 10% H2SO4 and 2.0 mL of diethyl ether, and the rinses were added to the mixture in an Erlenmeyer flask. Then, the mixture was swirled until all the salt was hydrolyzed, and the product distributed well into the ether layer. A

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With this lab the group was able to separate the liquid that had been filtered out after doing the DFE lab. Due to these two labs the group was able to identify the substances the make up the mixture known a Ramos. Sodium was one of the substances in the Ramos mixture based on this data; the orange powder found after evaporating the filtrate in the dissolve, filter and evaporate lab. The orange powdery substance burned bright orange, which is a noticeable characteristic of sodium. The substance was also insoluble in both water and alcohol, and since Ramos has both alcohol and water in it, and could be slightly seen in the sand after it got filtered.

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Fiona Young Ha Hoang and Joey Lu 12/11/15 Malik AP Chem 4th Prepare to Dye Introduction Chromatography is the separation of a mixture or substance by putting it in a solute with chromatography paper. Following with this lab, we take 3 colors of food dye (red, yellow, and blue) and test which solvent out of distilled water, acetone, ethanol, and 2-propanal would separate the molecules in the dyes the best.

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The dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol takes place at the bottom of the Hickman still. As the Hickman still heats up within the sand bath, the products evaporate and travel higher up in the still where they condense into a liquid and fall within the collection ring, thus separating the product from the remaining water. Drierite (CaSO4) is also added as a drying agent to absorb any leftover water within the product. The purity of the product will then be analyzed with infrared spectroscopy, paying attention to OH peak if it is present. Chemical Reactions: Data and Observations: Material Volume Mol.

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It forms a complex with HBr and extracts it from the aqueous phase into the organic phase where the alkene is. This dehydrates the acid, making it more reactive so that the addition reaction is possible. Rapid stirring is required in order to maximize the surface area

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Intro: Separation and purification of an unknown/complex compound can be done by using techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction, solid-liquid extraction, recrystallization, melting point, and thin layer chromatography. In this experiment, these techniques were used to separate excedrin’s components containing caffeine, excedrin, and acetaminophen, Each component has its own chemical properties and characteristics such as polarity, reactivity, and solubility. Knowing how to separate and purify compounds from each other is an important skill within in a lab setting. A few techniques for first initially separating compounds apart are liquid-liquid extraction and solid liquid extraction. Liquid-Liquid extraction involves using a seperatory funnel and release on varying solubities and different solids in immiscible solvents.

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