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Example Of A Genetic Paper

726 Words3 Pages

Jayci Barnhart

Mrs. Thiessen

Biology B

23 January 2017

Genes Biology Paper

Have you ever wondered about genes? Genes are fascinating and important in giving organisms traits. A trait is "a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person" (Merriam-Webster). There are many subtopics when discussing genes. Three of these subtopics are the definition of a gene, the heredity of a gene, and the classification of a gene.

Defining a gene is complex. "A gene is a section of DNA that codes for the production of a protein or a portion of protein, thereby causing a trait"(Wile Durnell 197). They are passed from a parent to the child, and they are found in the chromosomes of an organism (Ashg). There are …show more content…

A gene's purpose is to make up human traits and to help make proteins. The genes are made of the four nucleotide bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. When organizing the nucleotide bases in different orders, the offspring receives different traits. However, organized adenine always connects with thymine and cytosine always with thymine (Med-news). People often breed organisms and plants to give them specific traits, such as larger crops, which give the genes another purpose (Ghr). A person only needs one copy of a dominant trait to receive it. However, the person would need two copies of a recessive trait to receive it …show more content…

One method scientists use to organize traits is Punnett Squares. A Punnett Square is a visual way to see the dominant and recessive alleles. "A dominant allele is an allele that will determine the phenotype if just one is present in the genotype" (Wile Durnell 236). "A recessive allele is an allele that will not determine the phenotype unless the genotype is homozygous in that allele. A simple two by two Punnett Square will have one parents genotype on the top and the other parents on the side. When combined, the two will have a pattern which is the new possible genotype (Wile Durnell

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This means that the G0 female population had the genotype w+w+ for red-eyed and ww for the white-eyed fruit flies. On the other hand, male fruit flies only have one X chromosomes with the other sex determining chromosome is Y. Red-eyed males would have the genotypes w+Y and the white-eyed males would have the wY genotype. This means that when looking at the male fruit fly it can be easy to determine the eye color allele with the naked eye. Due to the gene being X-linked the allele frequency for both eye color alleles can be calculated for males, unlike females as a red-eyed female could have either the w+w+ or the w+w genotype ().The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that the genotype and allele frequencies within a population will stay constant from each generation when there is a lack of evolutionary influences, such as genetic drift, mutation, and mate choice

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Each living cell in the human body has a nucleus with 23 pairs of chromosomes inside it. In each pair of chromosomes, one chromosome comes from the father and one from the mother. Each chromosome carries units of inheritance known as genes and these genes interact to create a new set of instructions for making a new person. Genes are made of a substance called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The DNA contains the instructions for producing proteins; it is these proteins that regulate the development of a human being.

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Genes, or sometimes called alleles, are the small subunits that make up DNA and create the unique traits for each species. The type of genes that are replicated and passed down during DNA replication are called alleles and these combine when forming a new offspring to yield a new combination of traits. In most cases, alleles for a single trait are seen in pairs. The singular alleles within a pair can be classified as dominant or recessive, and whichever classification it falls under decides how the gene will be expressed. Dominant alleles are typically represented with a capital letter and they are traits that will always be expressed, regardless of the other allele it is paired with.

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To replicate the situation where Abe Lincoln and Solar Fire produce an offspring with all the desired traits, however, would involve numerous factors. Firstly, it would rely on the desired alleles of each desired trait being dominant over the non-desired trait. In doing so, incomplete or codominance would have to be factored out. Furthermore, the only way to reliably create the ideal tomato hybrid would have to be if each trait was crossed with the corresponding parent’s trait in a monohybrid cross and independent of each other. If farmer Tom could manage to tie all the variables together, constantly pairing the tomatoes over and over again, he would be able to create the desired tomato.

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From that, we know the gene is on an autosome, which is a non-sex chromosome. The word recessive tells us that the individual has to be a homozygous recessive, with two copies of the gene, to express the trait or disorder. One is inherited from the mother, and one from the father. Carriers, individuals who only have one recessive gene, are not affected by the disease but are able to pass it down to their children. Most people are not aware they carry a recessive gene for a disease until they have a child with the disease.

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For example, the dominant genes that I have are brown eyes, dark brown hair, my height, my skin color, oily skin and my acne. These are the dominant genes that I got from my mom and dad. The dominant genes are practically the genes that overpower the recessive genes from the other person or from recessive genes they had from there parents. Another example, the recessive genes that I have are my nose, lips, that's pretty much of what I can think of. Mostly the dominant genes that I have are from my dad's side of the

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Subsequently, the lab group answered: “Would it be possible to have had sexually mature parents with either of the traits expressed in the offspring? Explain (Inheritance of a Single Trait - Lab 9, p. 131).” The group decided that yes, it would be possible for the parents to have been sexually mature and still possess the traits necessary to produce an albino offspring. However, the only way this would have been possible was if the parent’s genotype carried the recessive g gene, but the phenotype of said parent or the actual parent was green. If the parent had been albino, and thus lacked

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Chromosomes contain hundreds or maybe even thousands of genes. Genes carry the information that determines your traits. (Susan Skallerup) These features or characteristics passed on to you from your parents. With Down syndrome, the extra chromosome causes delays in the way a child develops mentally and physically (S.M.Pueschell.

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