Examples Of Ethical Philosophies

Ethical philosophies and theories were always a heated debate topic. Even today it is still being discussed. People discuss it with great vigour and emotion. Why so? It’s because it is the defining stone of an individual in a society.

See, for Americans there are two kind of people. Certainly it’s not a racial divergence we must say, but there are two: Democrats and Republicans .They literally would tear down each other at a debate. The idea of democracy; what is and what not, the policies of the government, even dare we say “sense of morality” are different for these people. Ying Yang concept. They differ totally on the facts in issue. Similarly, ethical philosophies are different. For every concept on puts forward, the others tear them down

The word utilitarianism is derived from the Latin word ‘utilis’ meaning useful. In utilitarianism, the consequences of an action are measured against one value (like happiness, pleasure or welfare) and it should be maximized. English philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill were the leading proponents of utilitarian concept. The basic principle underlying this concept is “Greatest Happiness Principle”. According to this principle, “Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness” –John Stuart Mill . It is now generally taken to be a form of consequentialism. Such a theory is in opposition to egoism, a view which gives predominance to self-interest at the expense of others. Utilitarianism is concerned with maximizing pleasure by minimizing pain. According to Bentham, the following criteria is used for measuring pleasure and pain: (1) intensity, (2) duration, (3) certainty, (4) remoteness, that is, how immediately the pleasures and pains will arise, (5) fecundity, that is, whether similar pleasures or pains will follow, (6) purity, that is, whether the pleasure is mixed with pain, (7) extent, that is, whether other pleasures and pains are experienced by other people.

Types of Utilitarianism

There are two types of utilitarianism: Act utilitarianism

Everything from their body structure to their behaviour patterns are highly amusing simply because of its complexity and mysteries lying within a human mind. If medical science to a large extend has succeeded in decoding human biological structure, his psychology still remains as a wonder that has not been deciphered completely so far. Study on human psychology and subsequent research around the world to some extend saw victory in understanding the human mind but the progress still remains as little in comparison to the vast details in human’s mind yet to be explored and explained for better understanding of human nature. When the society of humans dealing with behaviour and nature of human mind called psychologists express their inability to predict human’s mind, his behaviour, depth and vastness of human software that runs his hardware is revealed.

Putting in simple words deontology is nothing but a behavioural theory .It’s one among many theories that deals with human behaviour .Precisely speaking it says about the right and wrongs of human behaviour .According to deontology it’s the means by which we do an act determines its righteousness and not its