1) Expectancy violations theory is communication theory in which the one communicator violates the interpersonal expectations of another communicator. The violation can either be positive or negative. A positive violation increases the attractiveness and credibility of the communicator who is doing the violation. Whereas a negative violation causes the communicator to want to respond or behave in a more socially accepted manner. In the scene that Rachel and Dev pay Grandma Carol a visit, Dev tells Grandma Carol that he expected her to be racist. Dev’s expectation of Gradma Carol is based on his prior experience with his friend’s grandma. It is wrong of Dev to expect all white grandmas to be racist just because one or two were racist towards him in the past. However, grandma Carol violates Dev’s expectation by being friendly and welcoming towards him. Gradma Carol accepts Dev as Rachel’s boyfriend irrespective of his race and she compliments Dev, “That’s great, you seem very nice”. Grandma Carol’s violation of Dev’s interpersonal expectation is an example of a positive violation. At this point Dev thinks Grandma Carol is a pleasant …show more content…
Painful self-disclosure refers to the pain that elders feel when dealing with the death of their peers and the loneliness that follows. Also difficulty in accepting that they no longer as mobile as they use to be. Off-target verbosity is when elders speak excessively without focusing on a point. They say a lot of things of which some is irrelevant to the topic at hand. Moreover, they speak for a long period of time without giving others a chance to speak. The reason elders speak in this manner is because they spend most of their time alone, without anyone to speak to. Therefore, when people are around they tend to want to speak a lot, as a way of making up for all the time they spent without