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What is Just War Theory?” Michael Walzer states that a core idea of Just War Theory
What is Just War Theory?” Michael Walzer states that a core idea of Just War Theory
Why is war justified
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War Power Reform When it comes to war-making powers, both the legislative and the executive branches play a major role determining the course of action. Constitutionally the legislative branch has the power to declare war, but the president (executive branch), without Congress’s permission, can “make” war. This is due to the War Powers Resolution, which was enacted by Congress in 1973 to keep the president in check.
But is it enough? I also appreciate that through the years the just war theory has been expanded to include new parameters for methods and reasoning among other points (p. 143-4). But is it enough? 2) A major dilemma in war is the
Since the beginning of time, war has been practiced for numerous reasons ultimately to benefit a group of people or nations. But, when war divides the world into two different sides with the capability to destroy faster than we can create, it makes us question, is war really worth it? With the aftermath of World War One, people we’re still divided, but for a different reason, after a war with a catastrophic amount of deaths we had militarists advocating to fight and pacifists demanding peace. The two sources I have used from this essay comes from a European militarist, Friedrich Von Bernhardi with his book “War a Biological Necessity” and United States pacifists, William James, in his book “Moral Equivalent of War”. Therefore this essay will review the
And what the Supreme Court ruled in the landmark court case of Schenck v. the United States was reasonable and true. In the “Background Essay”, the authors mention John Locke and his philosophy the Social Contract. “...we contract to leave the ‘natural state’ and we give up certain natural rights in order to live in a safe, civil society.” That is Locke’s belief, and that is the most basic reason why restrictions are needed while countries are at war.
Some people still wonder if war can be justified by its principles or cause. It can be argued that war can be justified due to the principles of freedom and justice that soldiers are willing to die for. However, many argue against this saying that war should be avoided at all costs due to collateral damage and the massive loss of innocent life. In the book My Brother Sam is Dead by James Lincoln Collier and Christopher Collier, Tim faces the biggest dilemma of his life when he has to decide whether to side with his brother who believes in the principles of war or his father who believes war should be avoided at all costs. When the novel comes to a conclusion, Tim decides that he is neutral and does not agree to either argument due to the irony contained within the deaths of
*Sole power to declare war Article I, Section 8, Clause 11 of the United States Constitution grants Congress sole power to declare war. There have been many occasions where Congress has clashed with a presidential deployment of military forces in the absence of congressional consent. Presidents Johnson and Nixon deployed military forces in Vietnam in the 1960s without prior congressional approval, as did the first President Bush in Iraq in 1990 and President Clinton
Many of the people who argue from different perspectives focus on the key words in the constitution to make their arguments stronger. John Yoo contends that declaring war is the mechanism of authorization as it is stated in the constitution. Thus, the president is commander in chief whose purpose is to control the war after the decision is made. He tries to make his argument more clear by showing that Congress is the “sole authority to engage the nation in war” (Yoo).I disagree with Yoo’s argument because being commander in chief of the armed forces is a significant authority; moreover the constitution gives the authority to the president to send soldiers to foreign countries in case there is an urgent situation that may require the armed forces. In addition to that, Turner claims that in the original constitution the term. "to make War" was used which gives essentially all powers related to war beyond the actual command of troops, as had been the case under the Articles of Confederation.
Similarly, the President ordinarily enjoys broader authority and initiative in foreign affairs. If Congress can constrain the President's use of his inherent Commander in Chief or foreign affairs powers, it follows that Congress can apply at least as strong constraints to the removal power, an unenumerated, allegedly inherent, domestic power. What this has resulted in is the essential ability of the President to order forces into hostilities to repel invasion or counter an attack, without a formal declaration of war. A declaration of war by the Congress places the Unites States at war, but absent a declaration of war, the President can react to acts of war in an expedient fashion as he sees fit.
The constitution attempts to evenly distribute powers between the executive and legislative branches of the federal government by providing the president or the commander-in-chief the power to control and supervise the military upon approval by congress, who have the power to declare war and to support the armed forces. The subject of debate regarding the act is whether the president has the authority to send military troops to war without congressional approval. The way the war powers act was written makes it difficult to decipher approximately how much power is the president privileged in the war-making process. According to the constitution congress have the powers to authorize war by formally granting letters that verify and confirm the
There are three main parts that are a part of the Aztec world which are “the earth world on which humans lived, an underworld which belonged to the dead and the upper plane in the sky.” The earth and the underworld were both open for humans to enter, whereas the upper plane in the sky was impenetrable to humans. The Aztec underworld was knowns as Mictlan, meaning place of death. As the sun was believed to dwell in the underworld at night to rise reborn in the morning, and the maize kernels were entered later to sprout anew, so the human and divine existence was envisioned as being cyclical. The upper and nether worlds were both thought to be layered so Mictlan had nine layers which were inhabited by different deities and mythical beings.
Bertrand Russell, a British author, mathematician, and philosopher said this quote. This quote is saying war doesn’t solve anything except for proving who can survive. “War does not determine who is right - only who is
Regardless, the Chief Executives have seemed to found that a formal declaration is not required. War Powers Article I, Section 8, Clause 11 of the U.S. Constitution assigns Congress the power to declare war. The President, meanwhile, derives the power to direct the military after a Congressional declaration of war from Article II, Section 2, which names the President Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces. These
According to Clausewitz, military commanders must first be aware of the three most important strategic objectives of war: (1) to conquer and destroy the armed power of the enemy; (2) to take possession of his material and other sources of strength, and (3) to gain public opinion.1 To attain the strategic objectives, Clausewitz requires the application of three decisive military principles: military commanders must apply unrelenting pressure and energy to defeat the enemy; military commanders must mass combat power against the enemy’s vulnerability, creating or revealing additional weaknesses that the attacking force can exploit; and commanders must capitalize on speed, surprise, and shock to destroy the enemy. Clausewitz insists that
Article 2(4) of the United Nations Charter states that, "all member states shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, nor in any manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations” . It is therefore a unilateral agreement signed by member states against the use of force when dealing each other. World events however since the signing and ratification of the UN Charter have indicated that states who are signatories to the charter continue to use force against each other for various reasons. Some 25 years after the writing and ratification of the charter one cannot doubt that states have used force and sought to justify it through individual or collective self-defence claims, as well as humanitarian claims in furtherance of national agendas and to increase territory. This no doubt may have been what frustrated Franck into the stance that Article 2(4) was in its grave.
In the UNSC’s article 51, individual and collective self-defense can be authorized by the UNSC under the framework of collective security. However, genocide is never justifiable in the eyes of the UN. Perhaps the most distinguishing feature between war and genocide is the disproportionally ability of those involved to fight back. Within war there is a certain level of understanding that those engaging in the conflict will have an ability to engage in battle. However, historically in genocides the effected groups have had little to no ability to proportionately fight against their attackers.
