Odysseus’ Cocoon:
The Timeless Transformation Of Soldiers During Their Return From War
The concept of a rite of passage is a ritual that accompanies one’s transformation from one status to another. Rites of passage typically have a three-part structure consisting of a separation from the community, the liminal or transformative period, and the reintegration into society. The Odyssey acts as a rite of passage that facilitates a transformation between two identities. Odysseus’ journey home is used as a device that allows him to process the events of the war and to prepare to reintegrate into life at home. This is the expected path for a soldier to take, one where, if they are able to make it back from war, they easily fit back into their life
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For the first few events of his journey, while he is physically within a liminal space, he still has status in the eyes of his men and is still functioning in his identity of a soldier. After his interaction with the Cyclops (bk. 9), he begins to be separated from this identity, as can be seen through the mutiny of his companions when they release Aeolus’ winds. (bk. 10, ll. 34-50) This continues at his next stop, where almost all of his men are killed by the Laestrygonians. (bk. 10, ll. 80-132) At this point, Odysseus and his remain men are truly on the margins of society and everyone they interact with from this point on, until Odysseus arrives in Phaeacia, is a marginal character with some supernatural ties. This includes Gods (Calypso, Circe and Helios), the dead, monsters (Scylla), and natural forces (Charybdis). By the time that Odysseus arrives in Phaeacia he has no identity, to the extent that he is concealing his true identity from those he meets. (bk. 7, ll. 14-18) This portion of Odysseus’ journey appears to mark the complete breakdown of his previous identity and he is able to exit the liminal phase and begin growing into his new