There are four main theories behind the etiology of exercise-associated muscle cramps. The theories are as followed: the serum electrolyte and dehydration theory, altered neuromuscular control theory, metabolic abnormalities theory, and environmental theory. While four theories are proposed, only the serum electrolyte and dehydration theory and the altered neuromuscular control theory seem to hold any weight in the etiology of EAMCs. Inherited metabolic abnormalities such as carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and purine nucleotide metabolism can be associated with EAMCs11. However, so little research supports this as an acceptable cause of EAMCs that in depth discussion on this theory is not warranted11. The environmental theory often