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Piaget's Four Stages Of Childhood Development

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Infants and childhood develop at a particular manner through different aspects which ultimately complete for each other. The first aspect is physical development, that concentrate in infants’ movements and senses develop. The second aspect is cognitive development, which summarized in Piaget's theory that contains four critical stages of cognitive development. The Third aspect is the social development which can be understood by Erickson’s theory. According to Erickson's theory, children develop a sense with the needs of society. Besides these aspects, there are many factors which affect the infants and childhood development. One of this factors is parenting attitude and style in children. Direct interaction, emotional identification, and …show more content…

the common assumption in psychology before Piaget's theory, it was that children are merely less competent thinkers than adults. (5) According to Piaget, children are born with the basic mental structure on which all following learning and knowledge are based. (5) Piaget's theory consists of four stages cognitive development. The first stage called Sensorimotor stage, it is from birth to two years. During this stage, infants are aware only of what is in front of them, they just pay attention to what they are seeing, doing, or physically interacting with. (6) Infants immediately start to increase their knowledge about the world through trial and error. (6) The main point of this stage is that infants develop their understanding of the existence of objects. This important landmark is also known as object permanence is an evidence that their memory is developing some symbolic abilities. (6) The second stage is Pre-operational Stage, it is from two years to seven years. Children during this stage are able to think more symbolically, and language is the most obvious term of symbolism. (7) However, their thinking is not completely logical, because they cannot transform, combine, or separate ideas. (7) The third stage is the concrete operational stage. It begins from seven years old and continues until eleven years old. The term operation is used in this stage to refer to simple calculations. Children will learn the addition, subtraction, and division. These mental operations which lead to developing the logical thinking. In addition, egocentric thinking eliminated in concrete operations stage. Children are able to understand the conservation and reversibility in this stage. (8-9) On the other hand, children will still find difficulty with operations about hypothetical and abstract concepts or deductive logic. (8-9) The formal operation is the final stage, and it

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The last stage is the Formal Operational stage, which lasts from age eleven to adulthood. In this phase the child/adult has the increased ability to have idealistic, logical and abstract thoughts. Piaget also developed the idea of a schema. A schema is how people organize the information they gather into smaller

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Which leads to the third stage is concrete operations starts at age seven to eleven. Where the physical involvement stores; the child starts to theorize which leads to creating a logical structure that explains the child’s physical capabilities such as problem solving. For instance, math equations, we use numbers in order to solve a math equation. The final stage is Formal Operations starts at the beginning age of eleven to fifteen. By this point, the child 's cognitive growth is like those of an adult and includes conceptual

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At this stage, a child begins to perform roles and actions (imitation) of a grown up, along with familiar events. However, at the age of three or four years, the child’s skills then become symbolic; he/she learns substitution in the form of objects. For example, a child feeding a stuffed animal using a toy bottle, whereas an older child is feeding the stuffed animal using a highlighter in pretense that it would act as a feeding bottle for a baby. This stage also builds a solid foundation for children as they get their own experience through

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Piaget’s theory of cognitive development states four stages of cognitive development. During the first Sensorimotor Stage which Piaget

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Piaget’s theory of cognitive development Piaget asserts, children are born with inherited scripts, called schema, these schema are building blocks for cognitive development. As a child grows, he acquires more of these building blocks; moreover, these building blocks become more complex as the child progresses through different stages in development (Huitt, Hummel 2003). Piaget’s 4 stages of cognitive development are as follows. First, The sensorimotor stage where an infant has rudimentary motor skills, and can eventually

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(Burton, Westen, & Kowalski, 2014, p. 464). Piaget has proposed 4 stages in his theory of cognitive development; the first is sensorimotor stage, pre-operational stage, concrete operational stage and finally, formal operational stage. Mollie and her friends are in the Pre-operational stage of cognitive development. This can be shown as they are in a pre-school

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When children are at this age their reasoning becomes concrete as they are able to begin to understand simple logical principles. Children become better at thinking about how other people might view a situation from their point of view as the egocentrism from the preoperational stage begins to disappear. This therefore means that they begin to realise that not everyone shares the same thoughts, feelings and opinions as themselves. • Stage 4: Formal Operational (age 11-18 years). This stage is where it allows adolescents to reason through symbols that do not refer to objects in the real world, for example in advanced maths.

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The famous Swiss developmental psychologist, Jean Piaget in his theory also become our main source of theory to study about child development and changed the way we think about how children develop. His theory was important because he saw children as an active participants in their own learning. Between the four stages that have been stated in this Piaget theory, it is important to know which are the main stage that playing a crucial role because from there we know which one is shaping the most of development of a child. 1.1 The influence of nature versus nurture on child development.

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Development is a gradual and continuous process. The development of children is greatly influenced through interactions with the family, friends and culture. Children learn from seeing how they are treated, overhearing the interactions of the people around them and observing the things we do all throughout the day. Fully understanding how children grown and change over the course of childhood requires us to look into various child development theories such as psychosocial, cognitive, behaviourist and ecological theories, to name a few.

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The Preoperational Stage; At this stage, kids learn through pretend play but still struggle with logic and taking the point of view of other people. They begin to think symbolically and learn to use words and pictures to represent objects.

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Piaget developed a stage theory of intellectual development that included four distinct stages: the sensorimotor stage, from birth to age 2; the preoperational stage, from age 2 to about age 7; the concrete operational stage, from age 7 to 11; and the formal operational stage, which begins in adolescence and spans into adulthood. He believed that there were four necessary ingredients for cognitive development which included: “maturation of the nervous system, experiences gained through interaction with physical world, social environment, and child’s active participation in adapting to environment & constructing knowledge from experience.” (Sullivan, 2014, Slide 3) The sensorimotor stage occurs between birth and age 2. Infants and toddlers acquire knowledge through sensory experiences and handling objects.

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An infant in this stage is fascinated by the many things they can do to an object and they experiment with new behavior (Santrock, 2011). The final sensorimotor stage is internalization of schemes which develops in infants of 18 to 24 months of age (Santrock, 2011). In this stage, the infant can form mental representations and therefore can easily pick on certain new behaviors from the people around the infant (Santrock,

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At three years old, Piaget argues a child is in the preoperational stage, which lasts from ages two to seven and is characterized by an ability to create mental representations of experience. During this stage, children may use objects, drawings, and language to show their ideas. Children

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and it begins with the sensorimotor stage, a child from birth to the age of 2 years old learns and thinks by doing and figuring out how something works. The second stage is the preoperational stage and in this stage children from ages 2 through 7 years are developing their language and they do pretend play (Berk, 2005, p.20). Concrete operational is the third stage and children ages 7 to 11 years old lack abstract but have more logic than they did when they were younger. The last stage is formal

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The second stage is between age of 2 to 6 years old, children form ideas with words and images, which is tend to be over generalizing. Developmental phenomena of this stage include pretending play, egocentrism and language development. And then the third stage from 7 to 11 years old, children think logically about concrete events and understand similar events. In this period, abilities of conversation and mathematical transformation get to be developed. Last stage, 12

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