Fall Prevention

Fall-related fracture is the common phenomenon in older adults resulting in chronic pain, loss of function, and disability. Evidently, it is the highest cause of accidental death in older adults. Noteworthy, the frequency of falls increases with age and frailty levels. Moreover, frail older adults, with a history of falling, are significantly at risk of adverse health outcomes including increased hospital stays and death. The causation of fall in frail older adults are intricate and interfere with the interrelationship between individual and environment context. Thus, using the ecological model will provide better understand for fall prevention in frail older adults (Figure1); the model will discuss as follows:
According to an ecology model, personal characteristics dimension is frailty phenotype which is the strong predictor for fall in older adults (Freid et al., 2001). Therefore, fall prevention intervention should highlight the screening of personal characteristics risks for fall avoidance. A number of studies revealed that personal characteristics related to fall are typically associated with age- related decline. They include age, ethnicity, gender, vision impairments, pathology developmental conditions, medication usage, nutrition deficiencies, cognitive deterioration, dysfunction and

The vital impact of fall in older adults is the judicious decision for all government and policy maker whole wide world. Environment hazardous as infrastructure inappropriate, crime rate, inconvenience transportation, and etc., are widely known as common causes of falling in older adults (King & King, 2010). Hence, media exhibition and urban planning policy for promoting safety environment (remodeling healthcare and reimbursement system, increasing public sidewalk and lightening, redesigning infrastructures, and etc.,) will reduce the rate of falling and enhance the quality of life in older