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Family-Centered Music Therapy Case Study

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Using family centered music therapy (FCMT), research conducted by Thompson, McFerran and Gold (2014) used a randomized controlled design to investigate the effect of FCMT and social engagement between the child and parents within active music making. Twenty-three children with severe ASD received either 16 weeks of FCMT in addition to their early intervention programs, or received their early intervention programs only. Results indicated improvements in quality of social interaction in the home and community and the strength of parent-child relationship. Researchers indicated that FCMT might provide a motivating social environment for the children, fostering interactions between child and parent that potentially could continue beyond the therapy …show more content…

For example, Pasiali (2004) introduced the prescriptive song protocol as an individual intervention conducted in the home environment. The researchers developed lyrics of each song by following the current guidelines for writing the text of social stories. "Social stories" is a strategy developed by special educators for modifying problematic behaviors of children with autism (Pasiali, 2004). In the three case studies, researchers used an ABAB reversal design with (A) represented baseline condition and (B) represented treatment condition. Each treatment session consisted of three music therapy applications that incorporated the prescriptive therapeutic song: listening, playing rhythmic instruments, and singing. Children's individual target behaviors were measured as dependent variables. The results from two of the three children failed to demonstrate significant improvement during treatment sessions. Combining with daily observation data reported by parents, the study suggests that the decreasing trend of the target behavior was combined with increased frequency of desirable social behaviors. There were several limitations associated with this study, including the small number of participants, rater bias, and the chosen ABAB reversal design, since behaviors in treatment condition might not be stable before the condition was reversed. The use of naturalistic environment,

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Chapter 7 provides information on behavioral assessments, observational recording systems, good measurement systems, and recording and reporting transitory behavior. Behavioral assessments offer a thorough understanding of behavior which includes examining the relationship of antecedents, parts of the behavior itself, and the outcome (consequence) of the behavior. These assessments include measuring the subjects actual behavior (what they do) in different settings when experiencing a behavioral difficulty. When analysts define and measure a subjects behavior, they will consider all factors, which reinforce and continue the behavior. The last step in the assessment involves a detailed plan that will change or replace the behavior (Mayer, Sulzer-Azaroff

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Starr and Zenker (1998) presented a case report using songs to moderate problem behaviors of a high functioning six-year-old boy with autism. He exhibited major problems with changes to his routine and waiting in line. The music therapist hoped to decrease the child's anxiety and aggression due to change by enabling him to wait more easily in the classroom. By using the original song "Line up" with visual cue cards, the child were be able to better understand the need to wait in line under required circumstances and what he was expected to do during each part of the song. During therapy sessions, the child's anxiety and aggressive behaviors were significantly decreased during the wait, assessed by the therapist and his teachers.

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Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is defined as, "the process of systematically applying interventions based upon the principles of learning theory to improve socially significant behaviors to a meaningful degree, and to demonstrate that the interventions employed are responsible for the improvement in behavior“ (Baer, Wolf, & Risley, 1968; Sulzer-Azaroff & Mayer, 1991). It employs the principles of Operant conditioning, using both positive and negative reinforcement to increase wanted behaviors, as well as positive and negative punishment to decrease unwanted behaviors. Its effectiveness in bringing about worthwhile changes to the behaviors of people with Autism and Developmental Disabilities has been studied extensively, with promising results.

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Music therapy exists in different forms, which includes drumming, singing, listening, and songwriting. According to American Music Therapy Association, one of the most eminent music therapy organizations, music therapy provides a way for those who have mental disorder “to nonverbally express their inner thoughts and feelings, and support verbal processing of thoughts and reactions” (“Music Therapy”). While curing military veterans during World War Two, music therapy is processed in three steps: disclosure, identification, and transformation. First, music therapy makes people relaxed in order to motivate patients to reveal their fears,

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Social scripts and social stories are two interventions that have been developed by psychologists to teach children theory of mind. Social stories are a way of showing young people with ASD how to response to a situation in an appropriate way. They are examples made visually to show how interaction works in situations to serve as a guide. They can show in situations how certain responses in life situations affect others as well as them self and show a better way of doing something so the child can be confident to do things in a more positive way. The actions they need to take can be broken down into manageable steps to make tasks easier and less overwhelming.

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Purpose: The purpose of this speech is to persuade a parent whose child has received a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder to provide their child with critical early life intervention therapy as well as educate the parent on ABA therapy in addition to touching on a handful of other possible therapies. After delivering this speech, I want my audience to understand why early intervention will provide their child with the best chance of matriculation into society later in life. I want to prompt every audience member to research further therapies available as treatment for their child’s disorder and ultimately decide to enroll their child in a therapy. Intended Audience: My perfect audience would be parents and family members in relation to a young child, between the ages of eighteen months and three years old, that has recently been diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

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believe that music may have a positive impact on reducing motor impairment due to mental health disorders by improving jumping and balance in children with autism to a certain extent. Based on the review and analysis of the three examples of applications discussed above, it can be concluded that music therapy has a positive impact on children in terms of self-perception building, social-emotional regulation, and improvement of motor

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They tested how drama therapy can be an effective intervention for children with ASD and linked mental health and psychological issues to this diagnosis. Through a questionnaire to the drama therapist, they analyzed common practice, structures, content and process. The questions were built on the document drawing from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) clinical guidelines. The study includes psychosocial interventions that recognizes the complex psychological and mental health challenges that individuals with ASD could experience. (Andersen-Warren,

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Once the function of the behavior is identified through functional analysis methodologies, intervention can focus on systematically manipulating the controlling environmental antecedents and consequences (Cunningham & Schreibman, 2008). There are several different theories on the function of stereotypic behavior (Ahearn et al., 2007; Cunningham & Schreibman, 2008; Jones, Wint, & Ellis, 1990; Lewis & Bodfish, 1998). The functional analysis perspective emphasizes the contingencies of social positive (e.g., attention, praise) and negative (e.g., escape or avoidance) reinforcements where

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Additionally, a behavior change program that is not based on the function may be counter therapeutic resulting in an increase of the problem behavior

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Music therapy is the clinical use of music to achieve individual goals and improve relationships; it is also considered a form of Psychotherapy (Music Therapy Medicine). Melodies and harmonies are used to transport patients to new and safe places. The sweet rhythms brings peace and relaxation to stressed minds. Self-worth is found between each melodic note, and anxiety and depression are long forgotten. Memories that were once lost are now found, and medication is improved by this one simple healing tool.

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Moreover, it can also be a better alternative treatment for several diseases and sickness. Central Idea: Music treatment is the expert use of music and its components in therapeutic, instructive, and ordinary situations with people or groups to upgrade their quality of life and enhance their physical and wellbeing. Introduction: Do you ever know how powerful music is? Why do people continue to compose songs and why do many songs made you feel happy but some instead made you cry?

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Many studies of the effects of music therapy on those who are born deaf-blind show profound improvement in the areas of cognitive development and the ability to communicate. “Teaching the whole body through body movements in order to perceive musical vibrations, rhythms, musical dynamics or any musical element is a way of helping a deaf individual to construct his/her own concepts of music and consequently understand them. Movement and music used together to motivate and help a child to control his/her own body can be a particularly valuable means of express for a

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Strategies for Enablement of Parental Involvement in Children's Music Education Description - Music education has been linked to several positives like better academic excellence, pleasant personality etcetera. So your child is showing interest in learning a new instrument and you want to get involved but no idea how? Read on to solve the dilemma. Parental involvement has always shown a positive effect on a child’s long term music education. The very fact that the parents are watching and supporting their child encourages him/her in going far in their thirst for learning quality music through instruments.

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Having a music program in a school can drastically increase the scores of all the students in the school. No one can put a price on education. Through musical training, people with ADD or ADHD in schools can learn how to control their actions and learn how to concentrate on one thing at a time for a longer period of time, in ways not available to the children in schools where music and other fine arts are not offered. It is extremely beneficial to maintain an art and music program to allow students to access their full potential.

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