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Five Steps To Become A Public Policy Early 1990's

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Public policy is any rule, plan, or action pertaining to issues of domestic national importance (Academy). They solved problems, like to protect people from toxic waste or to make sure that every child has the opportunity to gain access to an education (Academy).
To make a policy official, legislation has five steps to go through (Policy Making: Political Interactions). Step one is national agenda. In this step there has to be a number of concerns to become part of an agenda (Policy Making: Political Interactions). Here are some of the reasons to become a national agenda: in the 1980’s and early 1990’s there was a rise in violent crimes which lead to federal law enforcement (The Public Policy Process: Problem Recognition, Policy ). The 9/11 attacks lend to many US citizens to demand a rise in National Security (Policy Making: Political Interactions). In 1989 oil spill, lead to calls for environmental protection (Policy Making: Political …show more content…

Here is where the government tries to respond to the problem. With different members of Congress, officials, and interest groups come up with a possible solution, then starts the debate (Academy)
Step three is adoption. This is when the debate is over and the federal government takes one policy and passes new laws to adopt new policy (Academy).
Step four is implementation. This is when a policy has been adopted, the federal agencies charged with putting into effect the policy, controlling how they will carry it out. Federal bureaucracy broadcasts the laws passed by Congress into explicit policy, then the laws are put into practice with the rules and guidelines (The Public Policy Process: Problem Recognition, Policy ).
Step five is evaluation. Here is where the judging and evaluating begins. For whom the policy serves might have some opinion, bureaucrats screen the implementation, and analysts and correspondents that worry about the issues (Institute for the Study of Public Policy

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An issue network is a part of the large policy system and it is comprised of both, those who from the larger community outside government and those within it, who have official decision making power. As defined by Heclo, an issue network is a shared-knowledge group having to do with some aspect of public policy. Through the issue network public policy issues tend to be refined, evidence debated, and alternative options worked out-though rarely in any controlled, well-organized way. Issue networks in support of “Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act,” or S. 744, were vast.

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Another measure Congress employees to check the federal bureaucracy is through the use of appropriations. This allows Congress to power to be able to get what they want. There are two different things Congress can do with appropriations in order to oversee the federal bureaucracy. First, Congress authorizes money to the federal bureaucracy, either permanently or for a fixed number of years. This usually comes at the onset of the creation of an agency.

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In order to ensure laws are properly enforced, he sets up agencies that make up the bureaucracy. o President even has the power to set this up as he would like since he can submit a budget proposal to both houses of Congress who spread out the

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A few assets are rare and rivalrous, yet numerous are against rivalrous and bottomless. I believe that the polis demonstrate all the more nearly speaks to the way we make and comprehend public policy. I additionally think that it is essential to remember these two models of society as we proceed with ideas of the author Stone. She utilizes a ton of illustrations from social policy most remarkably, welfare and governmental policy regarding minorities in society in view of her experience and hobbies as a researcher, additionally in light of the fact that we can see the contrasts between these two models obviously in the social policy stadium. That does not imply that we can't matter Stone to other substantive policy territories, and we will do only that as the course advances.

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The legislative branch which is in charge of making laws. The legislative branch is consisting of the congress and several Government agencies. The congress is consisted of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Each member of the Senate and the House of Representatives has to get voted into office by citizens from each state. For legislation to pass both the Senate and the House of Representatives must pass the bill by majority vote, then they can get it signed by the President.

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Congress give bureaucracies the ability to carry out their policies how they choose. This leaves the doors wide open. Congress does this because if the agency did not, then congress would be swamped with trying to establish how to carry out the policy. Another reason congress has the agency do their own policy making is that they have experts on the topic, compared to congress. Agencies know needs to be done to uphold their ideas.

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Executive agencies in the committee must give written comments on the bill.second, the committee holds hearings where witnesses answer questions presented to them. Next, the committee adjusts the measure to their liking. Lastly, once agreed upon by the committee, the measure is sent to the full chamber for debate and potential approval. The executive branch of government has the power to

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Starting with our Legislative that creates our laws, the Executive carries out these certain rules if passed, and the Judicial evaluates these regulations. Each of those branches individually are crucial to how America functions, but a prime example to show how they all collaborate together is the vetoing process. First seen inside the United States Constitution, the veto procedure “begins with the President if a bill gets passed from the Senate and the House of Representatives.” Those two groups mentioned are apart of Congress in the Legislative branch. Presuming with the entire process, “the Executive branch has to look at the document before making it into a law.

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For an example, if there is a community that has a plant near their neighborhood and they are polluting their water supply. Homeowners will notice that their water supply are polluted with the plant’s chemical. They will most likely take this up with their elected officials. Then congress gets an issue that a plant is polluting into a water supply and the people would like this business to fix this problem. Now congress has to decide if they should or should not regulate

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To access the merit or value of government policies and programs as well as proposed policy alternatives, citizens, analysts, and policymakers need to consider four criteria: effectiveness, efficiency, equity, and political feasibility (Kraft and Furlong, 2013, p.31). Kraft and Furlong (2013) explain that “effectiveness refers to whether a current policy or program or one that is being considered is likely to work, efficiency refers to what a policy or policy proposal costs in relation to its expected benefits to society, equity refers to the consideration of what constitutes a fair or equitable policy choice, and political feasibility concerns how government officials and other policy actors appraise

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Governmental regulations and policy are the foundation for which industries and businesses operate. These directives not only impact

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