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Focal Brain Injuries

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The brain is the most complex organ in our body. It serves as the command center of the human nervous system. The brain is composed of different parts and functions that are dependent upon each other. The brain consists of two distinct sides: the right and left cerebral hemispheres. The side of the brain that endures damage will impact the function on the opposite side of the body and impairs mental capabilities. Hence, any injury or damage to the brain can produce impairment on the brain functions. Brain injuries has often led to low psycho-social functioning (Pierson & Noggle, 2010) as well as a variety of emotional and behavioral symptoms (Wozniak, Krach, Ward, Mueller, Muetzel et al., 2007). The most frequent sequelae after severe brain …show more content…

In patients with severe brain injury, a typical clinical picture consists of significant cognitive impairment, particularly in the domains of attention and concentration, psychomotor speed, memory, and executive function, as well as fatigue and problems with motivation. Agitation and repetitive purposeless behaviors may also be present. Lability of mood is common; patients are often described as childish or moody. One of the ways brain injuries are differentiated is under the term focal brain injury. Focal brain injuries are injuries that are concentrated in single region of the brain. Cerebral contusion and cerebral laceration are two injuries categorized under focal brain …show more content…

It is similar to a brain contusion but differs as, in laceration, the pi-arachnoid membranes are torn over the site of injury. The lacerations are caused by the same thing as many brain injuries: a sharp blow to the head. Brain lacerations can sometimes happen when the brain tissue is stretched and causes bleeding into the brain tissue. Lacerations are very common in penetrating and perforating head trauma and frequently accompany skull fractured; however, they may also occur in the absence of skull fracture. Lacerations are associated with intraparenchymal bleeding, that is, bleeding into the brain tissue. Lacerations require greater physical force to occur than contusions. It can cause a decline in mental function in the long term and may also result in brain herniation, a life-threatening condition in which a part of the brain is squeezed across structures within the skull. Frequently occurring in the same areas as contusions, lacerations commonly occur in the inferior frontal lobe and the poles of the temporal lobes. Also, the corpus callosum and the brain stem are the regions where laceration occurs when associated with diffuse axonal

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A concussion can cause loss of consciousness but most patients that have a consussion do not loose consciousness. A blow to the head, neck, or upper body can cause you brain to hit the walls of the skull violently. All concussions cause injury

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However, it is also important to note that a concussion can also take place outside of sports, meaning it can happen to anybody. For instance, there have been incidents where a person tripped while running, fell, and the impact of their head’s contact with the ground caused a concussion. Or, in a car accident many front-seat passengers, or even the driver, have slammed their heads against the dashboard/steering wheel, also possibly resulting in a concussion. Concussions when treated can be healed in a timely manner. Unfortunately, throughout history, there has been a tendency for people to overlook a concussion as a serious injury, therefore, making it more problematic than it already is.

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“Long-term effects of concussions are very rare. Moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause symptoms similar to a concussion, but individuals with TBIs often experience more severe problems with attention and short-term memory, have difficulty performing daily tasks, and report feeling ‘slower’ overall” (Long-term Effects of Brain Injuries). Brain injuries can always improve, but may never completely go away. “Difficulty making decisions or processing a lot of information, or trouble resolving problems, can have a significant impact on one 's life” (Long-term Effects of Brain Injuries). The matter is very serious and impacting the lives of many athletes around the world.

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According to National Conference of State Legislation (NCSL), a traumatic brain injury is a disruption of the brain due to a bump, blow, jolt or penetrating head injury. Although most of these injuries occur from car accidents and blunt force trauma to the head, the link between football and traumatic brain injury continues to strengthen. In a recent study, for example, researchers discovered that out of the 111 brains analyzed from deceased NFL players, 110 of them tested positive chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a brain disorder associated with repeated hits to the head over a period of time. This means that professional athletes who play in the NFL are at greater risk because they’re more susceptible to concussions and other brain-related

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The consequences of this injury is just scary to think about. Your head becomes more vulnerable than ever before. There may be times where you lose brain function and that could be permanent. You can even have vomiting and disturbed sleeping for a long time the effects may be temporary or

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Consequences of a concussion vary depending upon who has been injured. Cindy Weiss explained the long terms effects of a concussion ranging from behavioral changes, to mood disruptions, to cognitive skills like judgement and attention span. Loss of conciseness is not a good symptom to go off of that a brain injury has happened. Symptoms of a brain trauma also include dizziness, irritability, and possibly even depression. Article 4 talks about how girls are more vulnerable to concussions and how it effects them differently.

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A concussion can be defined as a mild traumatic brain injury caused by excessive impact to the head. The word concussion comes from the Latin word concutere, which means "to shake violently. " The injury is caused by the brain moving forcefully

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In a research article by Sours, George, Shuo, Roys, & Gullapalli (2015), the functional connectivity and metabolic integrity of the thalamus was measured post-acute civilian TBI to determine the severity of post concussive symptoms. The hypothesis is supported by the idea that axonal and shearing injuries caused during a TBI alters functional communication with neural circuits including in the brains relay center for sensory information, the thalamus. The sample consisted of 77 mTBI patients recruited from a trauma center at the University of Maryland. Inclusion criteria included a loss of conscious and/or amnesia or facial trauma consistent with TBI. Measurements included the Mini Mental State Exam, the Military Acute Concussion Evaluatin, and the Modified Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms

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