1. Scientific Management – F.W Taylor:
Frederick W. Taylor was recognized as the father of the "scientific management" theory. Taylor 's Scientific Management Theory is not just a collection of purely technical principles and practices, but also the cooperation and harmonization of fundamental relationships between people and machines and techniques; between people in the production process, especially between the manager and the employee. Thanks to this theory applied in the industrial enterprises, the labor productivity has increased dramatically; The final result is high profitability, both employers and workers are high income. His scientific approach requires detailed observation and measurement of routine work, in order to find the best working way. Taylor’s approach is categorized as the bottom up approach.
The theory was criticized by employees and manager as their own common sense and judgment were disregarded in scientific time study. Nevertheless, Frederick Taylor laid the foundations for mass production techniques, which had influenced in industrial practices as well as the general theoretical ideas of organization, not only for industrial sector, but also in the service sector.
Frederick W. Taylor 's scientific management principles include: Dividing responsibility for work from workers to managers. The manager is the planner and the job designer, the worker is the person who performs the task; Use scientific methods to determine the most effective way of doing