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Gas Chromatography Essay

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Chromatography means "color writing" literally from the Greek words chroma and graphe. It is a separating technique for a mixture of chemicals, which can be in gas or liquid form, by letting them creep slowly past another substance. There are two important things in chromatography that is it must has one state of matter such as gas or liquid, that is known as mobile phase, moving over the surface of another state of matter which can be liquid or solid that stays where it is that is known as stationary phase. As the mobile phase moves, it separates out into its components on the stationary phase and identify one by one afterwards. (1)
The development of Gas Chromatography (GC) to be an analytical technique to separate the components of a mixture …show more content…

The retention of analyte molecules happened due to stronger interactions with the stationary phase than the mobile phase. In another words, there is higher affinity of sample towards stationary phase than mobile phase that caused retention. The interaction types can be divided into Dispersive, Dipole and Hydrogen …show more content…

Packed columns with typical dimension 1.5 m x 4 mm are usually packed with a solid support coated with immobilized liquid stationary phase material namely Gas-Liquid Chromatography. Whereas, capillary columns with typical dimension 30 m x 0.32 mm x 0.1 mm film thickness are the long hollow silica tubes with the inside wall of the column coated with immobilized liquid stationary phase material and may also contain solid stationary phase particles namely Gas-Solid Chromatography. Open tubular columns are known as capillary columns can be divided into two. The first one is wall-coated open tubular (WCOT) column and the second type is support-coated open tubular (SCOT) column. WCOT columns are capillary tubes that have a thin layer of the stationary phase coated along the column walls. The column walls of SCOT are first coated with a thin layer of adsorbant solid, such as diatomaceous earth and then treated with the liquid stationary phase. SCOT columns are able to hold a greater volume of stationary phase than a WCOT column due to its greater sample

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1.1.1 General introduction of gaseous messengers Small molecules of endogenous gases which involve in cellular signaling thereby exerting physiological functions are termed as gaseous messengers or gasotransmitters. Gasotransmitters are a class above the receptor based signaling molecules as they are easily permeable across membranes and directly modify their intracellular targets.1,2 Nitric oxide (NO), Carbon monoxide (CO) and Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are the enzymatically produced gases with biological functions to maintain the cellular homeostasis.3 Nitric oxide was the first discovered gaseous messenger for its regulatory activity in the nervous system and further research led to its role in immune system and vascular system. The research

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Did you know that chromatography can separate the different colors in sodas and other colored drinks? The purpose of this experiment is to separate the colors in soda by using column chromatography. There are many different types of chromatography and you can do them using different pieces of equipment and they separate different things besides liquids. There are many different types of chromatography. Some types of chromatography are gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, planar chromatography, but the type of chromatography we are studying is column chromatography.

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1.4.3 Analytical methods Gas chromatography is the most commonly applied method for the analysis of trace components in human breath. In gas chromatography the compounds are vaporized and separated according to their boiling points. Flame ionization detection (FID) is one of the most common detection methods, as GC-FID exhibits high sensitivity, large linear response range and low noise. The drawback of GC-FID is the identification, which is retention time based only. Retention times in GC are poorly reproducible long-term and between different systems as very subtle differences in the chromatographic system may cause large retention time deviations resulting in insufficient accuracy.

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Fractional distillation columns may contain a metal sponge, or have glass projections inside the column in order to increase the amount of surface area that the vapour comes into contact with. This causes some of the vapour to condense while in the fractional distillation column. Consequently, it falls back into the liquid reservoir. However, when this liquid to the reservoir, it contains a higher ratio of the more volatile substance than it did originally. This is repeated numerous times in the fractional distillation column and each time the liquid vapourizes, the vapour increases in purity.

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The term photochromic originates from the Greek words “phos” (light) and “chroma” (color) and is used to describe a substance that changes color on exposure to light. More formally, photochromism is a reversible transformation of a chemical species, induced by the absorption of electromagnetic radiation, involving two forms, A (inactive) and B (active), each having different absorption spectra. Generally, form A is colorless while form B is a colored solution. Most dyes, inevitably return to the more stable form, the colorless state. Each dye is unique and varies greatly depending on the matrix in which it is dissolved in.

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The stationary phase is the phase that does not move and the mobile phase is the one that does move. The mobile phase moves through the stationary phase picking up the compounds to be tested. As the mobile phase continues to

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