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Gender Differences In Aggression

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Gender roles are beliefs about the ways in which communal and societal roles are defined by gender (Slavkin&Stright, 2000). In traditional families, traditional gender roles are common. The male is the breadwinner; while the female is responsible for childcare and housekeeping. This pattern defines masculinity as assertive, aggressive, and independent (Eagly, 1987; Eagly
&
Steffen, 199284) and femininity is defined as emotional, sensitive and nurturing (Bem, 1981; Slavkin&Stright 2000). Gender differences have been discussed thoroughly by many researchers in the fields of language, education and others(see for instance, Locke, 2011, Okamoto, Slattery Rashotte, & Smith-Lovin, 2002, and &Kiesling, 2007). In fact there are many historical incidents …show more content…

Social role theory (Eagly, 1987) argues that the societal division of workgenerates stereotypical gender roles that confine women intodomestic roles that stress nurturing and compassionwhereas men are considered to be “breadwinner” (Archer,2009, p. 252) that encourage dominance andcompetition (Eagly,Johannesen-Schmidt, & Van Engen,., 2003).As a result, social roletheory assumes that the sex difference in violent behavior islarger the moreimbalanced and unfair societies are in respect ofwomen’s …show more content…

Wheelwright, 2004). On the other hand, the use of physiological measures such as functional magnetic resonance imaging as indicators of empathy shows that men and women obtain parallel scores (LeSure-Lester, 2000). Therefore, in studies that applyneuro-scientific and physiological approaches, gender differences in empathy are trivial. Yet, the most convincing proof for gender differences in empathy is offered by studies using self-report data to evaluate empathy (Rueckert, 2011). Females score significantly more than males on the Emotional Quotient (EQ) (Baron-Cohen &Wheelright, 2004) and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) (Davis, 1980). Socialization and culture play an important role in the development of empathy according to Baron-Cohen and Wheelwright, (2004) Eisenberg and Lennon (1983) proposed that biases in self-report scales could influence the observed gender differences. These differences may be because men may be unwilling to report empathic encounters due to social anticipations. When a tool is thought to measure s empathy, it may induce responses affected by an individual’s classificationto gender stereotypes (Michalska, Kinzler, &Decety., 2013). One of the most common stereotypes in society is that females are more considerate and empathetic than males (Rueckert, 2011). Thus, it is

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More often than not, society compels us to behave like genders we are not. For instance, when faced with challenges like finance, family issues and education, women are expected to be exceptionally strong. Likewise, when men are confronted with sensitive issues they are not expected to openly show their emotions like women. Some jobs description requires female

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A sample of Caucasian and Japanese participants had to choose the most attractive faces from material and it was found across UK and Japanese populations feminised faces were preferred. Also found increasing masculine traits indicated dominance and negative attributions such as coldness or untrustworthiness hence showing masculine faces are associated with negative personality traits. This was supported by studies (Boothroyd, Jones, Burt, & Perrett, 2007; Rhodes, Simmons, & Peters, 2005) where feminized men had long term relationships whereas masculinised men had short

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This author uses essays from the book Exotic No More: Anthroplogy on Front Lines to support her research about the various roles of gender in societies. Her main focus, and example was showcasing the Western society and how they classified gender. In the past, gender roles were mostly composed up of the same gender. For example, domestic duties were for women, not men.

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In The Macho Paradox: Why Some Men Hurt Women, and How All Men Can Help, the author Jackson Katz (2006) highlights the looming issue of the violence committed towards women by men and the need for cultural change by means of education and male advocates for women. One significant point made in the passage was the lack of acknowledgment towards the fact that violence against women is a gender issue. Violence altogether is a gender issue, but the media and culture has changed the language used when one talks about violent acts. No one is recognizing that there is a cultural issue and that men are the majority committing violent acts. In the passage, Katz (2006) states, With shelters filled to overflowing and hotlines ringing off the hook, many

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Although men and women have different opinions on the difference between guys and men, Amy Chan and Dave Barry prove that there are some differences that are noticed by both

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There are many approaches within psychology that study the influence of sex differences in human behaviours such as, behavioural, cognitive and biological approaches. There are many factors within each approach that contribute and influence the development of sex differences in human behaviours. Within biological psychology, there are many factors that combine to influence the difference between the sexes, such as genetics and hormones and brain structure and function. Research methods used by biological psychologists to investigate these differences involve methods such as animal and case studies, drug therapy, twin studies and scans (MRI, PET, CAT). Although there are many different approaches to studying sex differences, within each approach,

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830 Words | 4 Pages

4. What did Eisenber & Lennon find in a review of gender differences in affective empathy? Eisenber and Lennon are pyschlogist that found that enables had an empathetic advantage becomes smaller as it becomes less and less obvious when it has to do something with empathy that is being assessed. 5. Discuss the problems of self-estimates in empathy.

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The Impact of Culture and Gender Roles Heather Richardson-Barker Drexel University Society has clearly defined boundaries between what is considered to be male or female. The development of an individual’s gender role is formed by interactions with those in close proximity. Society constantly tells us how we should look, act and live based on gender, as well as the influence of family, friends and the media have a tremendous impact on how these roles are formed and the expected behavior of each gender role. The term Gender, as defined by the United Nations, includes the psychological, social, cultural, and behavioral characteristics associated with being female or male. It further defines acceptable

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645 Words | 3 Pages

Gender roles have changed significantly since the late nineteenth century to today. The definition of gender roles can be described as what a society considers acceptable behavior for each person based on their gender. Each century comes with its own set of societal norms. As time passes and new ways of thinking are introduced into society, gender roles adapt to the new ways of thinking. This is especially true for women.

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This has been scientifically proven; when it comes to empathy women are the dominant force because they unconsciously know the 3 types of empathy. In case you are wondering and also save you some Google ling time they are as follows: cognitive empathy, being able to know how the other person sees things; emotional empathy, feeling what the other person feels; and empathic concern, or sympathy -being ready to help someone in need. But for some reasons I have found that some women don´t express this to their mates, they much rather do it with their besties or bff´s, also known in my time as simply…their girlfriends. This is a big concern because men don´t seek approval from women for fear of exposing their sensitive side, this is a tip for women, no matter what, always show positive reinforcement in a relationship, sometimes we just wish for our girls to simply say, “you know what you did awesome, but things will work out better next time I’m sure of that” whether it’s in an interview or anything related to an activity that your mate is performing that didn´t meet the required outcome. If you don´t do this, you can be sure that the girl sitting next to him or the guy next to her in class or wherever will, and that is when compare and contrast kicks in allowing for undermining of a relationship to take place.

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Arousal which was measured by heart rate and self-reported arousal increased significantly after playing the violent video game compared to playing the passive video game. Girls reported more arousal than boys. Research suggests that females are more likely to be persuaded than men. It is argued that this is as a result of women and men having diverse social roles. Females tend to be more cooperative with others whereas males prefer to be independent when co-operating with others, therefore women are more sympathetic or socially sensitive to the impact of others than men.

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For example, women are reported to have high neuroticism, agreeable, extraversion and openness factors towards feelings. On the other hand, men are reported high towards the factors extraversion and openness in thoughts. The differences in gender personality traits are not just between men and women but the differences in personality traits are there because of the society we are brought up as. In developed countries, men would be less neurotic, extraverted, conscientious and agreeable. Where as, in developing countries, the big five traits would be higher.

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999 Words | 4 Pages

The fact that gender-differentiated socialization exists in society cannot be disputed. Equally, to find that differences do emerge with regard to speaking styles between men and women is not surprising. However, by failing to associate gender arrangements to the power arrangements that they promote and enforce is naïve in an intellectual way. Considering the highly integrated lives of the American men and women, to assign full-fledged cultural status to patterns that emerge out of socialization is of doubtful validity. Besides, Tannen moves from the initial premise that boys and girls grow up in two distinct cultures, which is a disputed fact, to the questionable claim that problems with communication between adult males and females are equivalent to other types of cross-cultural miscommunication.

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This is a strong case to say that males who take on their gender role more so than others are more likely to engage in sexual violence and violent or aggressive behaviour in general. This also shows that individuals who display high levels of masculinity are more likely to be physically aggressive. Gender roles and masculinity give a solid argument for explaining a cause of violent and criminal behaviour, within their findings, however the studies lack a definition of masculinity and how to measure it other than physical displays of aggression. This creates difficulty in testing masculine males against non-masculine males and differentiating between them. Without being able to distinguish a non-aggressive masculine male, these studies can

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2151 Words | 9 Pages

Masculinity- femininity was conceptualized in a unidimensional way 2. Masculinity – femininity was seen as bi-polar attributes 3. M-F scales used in item response tests routinely equated males with masculinity and females with femininity. Sandra Bem first mooted the idea of the different measurement scale for the gender bi-polarity.

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