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Mendel's Human Genetics

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Summary - Mendel and Human Genetics

Mendel 's laws of genetic inheritance initiated an era of genetics which feeds on the complete functional information of each and every ' 'modern ' ' gene of the organisms.
Mendel 's studies; instead of being able to reach human genetics directly through his observations, eventually made it 's way to human genetics through the basic rules of genetics that Mendel deduced while working on Pisum sativum. With the advancement of technology and uprising of brilliant minds, the chromosome had its shape defined, along with its behavior deduced during cell division and gametogenesis. All these observations and a formulation for heredity by Weismann led to a need of laws by which characters transfers from parent …show more content…

Later, Yule 's work in 1902 showed that the Mendelian F2 ratio 1:2:1 for monohybrid cross, stays conserved throughout the generations when the mating between all individuals is random, also that dominant alleles shows an increase in the population. The latter was argued by Castle in 1903, stating that once the selection discontinues the genotype frequency shows stability.
On the basis of Yule 's and Castle 's findings, Punnett with the help of G. H. Hardy deduced a formula which described the constancy of genotype in generations; pr=q. This, later-on became the Hardy-Weinberg law (m^2*AA + 2 m*n AB + n^2*BB, A and B are alleles), when similar observations of Weinberg were found.

Environmental effect on the gene expression had been observed since the time of Mendel. Mendel observed the environmental effects on gene expression with the flowering time-periods of the pea plants. Later, Muller in 1925 along with Barbara Burks tried to study environmental effects on the mental attributes of twins (identical and non-identical) on which initially two medical practitioners Siemens and von Verschuer were

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This means that the G0 female population had the genotype w+w+ for red-eyed and ww for the white-eyed fruit flies. On the other hand, male fruit flies only have one X chromosomes with the other sex determining chromosome is Y. Red-eyed males would have the genotypes w+Y and the white-eyed males would have the wY genotype. This means that when looking at the male fruit fly it can be easy to determine the eye color allele with the naked eye. Due to the gene being X-linked the allele frequency for both eye color alleles can be calculated for males, unlike females as a red-eyed female could have either the w+w+ or the w+w genotype ().The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that the genotype and allele frequencies within a population will stay constant from each generation when there is a lack of evolutionary influences, such as genetic drift, mutation, and mate choice

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Gregor Mendel was the one who created the basic principles of heredity through experiments with his pea plants. Mendel carried out his work with ordinary garden peas, partly because peas are small and

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In Neil Shubin’s book Your Inner Fish the genetic blueprint of human life, and all animal life, is revealed. The book’s main message is that everything, every feature humans or any other animal can have, is part of the same genetic history. The features and mechanisms that make up our bodies have evolved through “descent with modification” over time. Slight changes to cells, bones, and genes have all culminated into new species that while different still carry reminders of their evolutionary past. When most learn of evolution they learn humans and primates evolved from a common ancestor, and they stop there, they do not look any further.

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Genetics is all around us. One may observe heredity in many different forms. For example, Laboratory Three: Dihybrid crosses using Drosophila melanogaster, was assigned to observe Fruit Fly phenotypes. Around the 1920s, Thomas Hunt Morgan experimented with this same species to detect mutations and discovered X-linkage, various recessive and dominant phenotypes, and also that genes are located on chromosomes (Klug, et al. 2013). In the experiment that took place over the course of a few weeks, four different phenotypes were viewed.

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Dr. Rettew connects to class discussions and readings on shared and unshared environmental influences, evocative gene environment correlation, temperament, and the goodness-of-fit. Twins that with unshared environmental influences, such as different placentas, could adapt different temperaments (Berk, 2009). Also, twins that have been adopted into separate families could have different personality traits because they lived in completely different environments their whole life, even if they shared environmental influences of the same placenta (Berk, 2009). With an evocative gene environment correlation, a child’s genotype could draw in a certain type of environment, such as babies who appear more attractive will receive more attention (Berk, 2009). The type of attention a child gets could affect its temperament.

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On a Saturday afternoon the Nazis invaded Poland and Mendel was evacuated with his wife by the soviets. While speaking to Mendel during this event he says, “I am lucky not to have gone through as much danger as other of my brethren have”. Mendel feels thankful and lucky that he did not have to be split up from his wife and that he and his wife are together alive instead of being dead like many others. We also spoke to her wife, she said, “I love my husband and It is a scary situation having to be evacuated multiple times because you have to try and not be killed off. I had to marry my husband on the run, I am just thankful we are both alive.”

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In the dictionary, honor is defined as “high respect”. To me, honor is when somebody does something to better the lives of the people around them and they get, like the dictionary states, respect for their achievement. I think a very honorable scientist is a man known as “The father of modern genetics”, Gregor Mendel. Gregor Mendel was born in 1822 on his family’s farm in what is now the Czech Republic. He spent his early years on the farm until age 11 when a schoolmaster who was taken by his proclivity for learning recommended that he be sent to a school in Troppau to continue his education.

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In the middle of the 19th century, Gregor Mendel was an uneducated monk living at a monastery in the Czech Republic. Throughout his life he was never given the chance to become educated or wealthy. No one thought that he would ever amount to much more than a simple plebian. But alas, Mendel proved society wrong by discovering and documenting genetics and genes. Similarly, the author of the preceding passage endeavors to provide an argument that he is not insane but instead was placed in a circumstance of horror.

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