The Responsibility Of The Gods In Odysseus In Homer's Odyssey

In epic Greek poems, gods have a major influence in the overall storyline and the Odyssey is no exception. The gods and goddesses constantly are appearing sometimes in a disguised form, but all nonetheless crafting the scenes to their accord so that they may offer gratitude for the mortal’s loyalty or to gain revenge for their disloyalty. Not only do they alter events, but people also alter their actions while keeping the appeasement of gods in mind. By paying respect to the gods, the characters express much more than a simple gesture of reverence; instead, it is also a way of showing compassion for something other than themselves. Odysseus strategically exploits his devotion to the gods in various scenes in a way to improve his own character

When Nausicaa discovers Odysseus in great need of assistance, he first offers a compliment by equating her to “great Zeus’ daughter Atremis” (151). By initially showing his competency in knowledge of the gods, Odysseus applies the same respect he has for the gods to Nausiccaa. With mirroring his devotion to the gods/goddesses and Nausicaa, Odysseus displays his cunning arête. Using every situation to his advantage, the mention of the gods is seen as a way of establishing a common basis with a stranger, in this case, Nausicaa. This arête is evident in every encounter; furthermore, by his keen awareness of the gods also allows the reader to place him on the highest level a mortal can be to a god. His proficiency in the gods is further verified when he mentions the “palm shoot springing up near Apollo’s altar” (163). Howard Clark claims this action shows that “Odysseus is not only well traveled but pious” (53). Again, this comment further supports Odysseus’ arête by using his previous experiences to display his constant acknowledgment for the gods. It shows his concern for what is greater beyond those before him, but also aware of the constant watchful eye of the gods and goddesses. This awareness shows that Odysseus is mindful of the events taking place, while having his ultimate goal of returning home in

When Odysseus first encounters the royal family, Alcinuous ordered the herald to “mix the bowl and sere the wine” to “pour libations also to Zeus” (7.191-192). By this action, the Phaeacians not only express their hospitality of opening their home so that this stranger may too join worship, but express what is most important in their country. Even before they ask Odysseus where he is from, they ensure that their guest has a good standing with the gods. Compared to the neighboring Cyclops who show no interest in the gods and act as savages, these civilized Phaecians are quite different since they express this form absolute hospitality to Odysseus. With such a good relationship with the gods, they are also seen a surreal kind of people with arête. Having a good standing with the gods ensures that the people have consistency in their lives and are concerned with more than just their current interests. Showing respect the gods as well as honoring guests show their wholesome character, and their own god-like personality since they are skilled craftsmen and sailors. Not only do the Phaeacians show honor to the gods in their initial encounter with Odysseus, but Arete gives him a gold cup for libations to Zeus for the future (8. 465-467). They are truly concerned to ensure the continuation of honor to the gods even away from their land. By giving Odysseus an outlet to