The Greco-Roman Republic

Ever since the establishment of Roman republic in 509 B.C., there were significant changes in governments, society,and other facets; furthermore, these changes were still continuing when the Roman’s power started expanding into an empire under Augustus who was entitled imperator. As the state started growing, Roman’s cultural developed as well. They had learnt about the culture of Greeks which gave birth to the Greco-Roman civilization; thus the Greek and Roman heritages were combined; then, spread all over the Roman Empire as well as its conquered territories. Traditions of the Greco-Roman or Greek and Roman philosophies can be seen clearly in many features; however, the three major and most importantaspects are: its art, literature and architecture,

The first Roman art can be dated back to 509 B.C.E., with the legendary founding of the Roman Republic, and lasted until 330 C.E. Roman art also encompasses a broad spectrum of media including marble, painting, mosaic, gems, silver and bronze work, and terracotta (Ambler, n.d). By using the various materials; Romans were able build many significant and astonishing sculpture than the Greek. Sculptures became more monumental with massive, larger than life statues of emperors, gods and heroes such as the huge statue of Marcus Aurelius(Cartwright, 2013)(Cartwright, Roman Sculpture, 2013). The second feature of Romans is architecture. The Romans building were design in a prodigious structure and technique to keep it last forever. In order to build such an enormous construction and elegant temples; Romans used many diverse type of materials such as marble, concrete, limestone, and fine stone during the classic era. They were the great innovator that quickly adopted new construction techniques, used new materials, and uniquely combined existing techniques with creative design to produce a whole range of new

People believed in animism and spirits could inhabit everything around them. After, the influenced of Sabine, Capitoline Triad was added to the spirits. Since then, there were the arrival of Mars, Romulus and Remus, Jupiter and Minerva. Due to the Greek influenced, the gods have become more anthropomorphic with the character of love, jealousy, etc. Meanwhile, the cities adopted their own gods and perform their own rituals. As the empire expanded, Roman Religion absorbed many gods and culture of conquered nations, but the influence would always remained in Greece (L.Wasson, 2013). Traditional Roman Religion had become weaker by the influence of Greek philosophy, which recommended the idea of there being a single god. 70years before the uprise of Jewish against Rome, Jesus was born in Bethlehem. As a young man, Jesus began preaching the poor. People believed that Jesus perform miracles. Since then, Jesus was known as Christian, the Greek word of Messiah (Prentice Hall). After the death of Jesus, Christianity began to grow and spread. The Roman authourities which were hesitated in dealing with the new cult had been appreciated and threatened by Christianity’s guaranty of peace. In A.D.312, the general, Constantine, led his army into the battle. He ordered his army to put the cross sign of Christian on the shield. They won the battle. Constantine became the protector of Christianity and ordered churches to be built in