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How Did Catholic Church Influence Western Civilization

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During the High Middle Ages, the Catholic Church had tremendous power and influence in all aspects of Western Civilization. This includes political power in which the church had a very close relationship with European monarchs. However, two kingdoms, England and Spain, began to carve out distinctive paths away from the church compared to other major European powers at the time. England underwent major reforms that transferred power from the clergy to the people. Under King James I of Spain, the monarchy increased its power and independence from the church. On many occasions, the Pope and James I clashed on a variety of issues such as James’ personal life and his treatment of Jews and Muslims. The events in these kingdoms during the High
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