How Did The Congress Of Vienna Use Nationalism In The 19th Century

Nationalism The Old Order was the political and social system that existed in France before the revolution of 1789. The Congress of Vienna was called after the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, in an attempt to restore order and reestablish peace in Europe. The Congress of Vienna was made among representatives of the five great powers- Russia, Prussia, Austria, Great Britain, and France. The Congress of Vienna, which was run by Prince Klemens von Metternich, established three goals for Europe. First, he wanted to surround France with stronger countries, so that France can’t dominate. Second, he wanted to restore a balance of power, which meant that no country would be considered a threat to others. Lastly, he wanted the previous royal families

There were three schools of political thought who all had a different style of governing. First, there were conservatives who argued in protecting the traditional monarchies of Europe. Then there were liberals, who wanted to give more power to parliament. Lastly, there were radicals. who wanted to extend democracy for all people. include practice the ideals of the French Revolution- liberty, equality, and brotherhood. As the three schools debated on which form of government is best, a new movement was formed. This movement was called nationalism. Nationalism is the belief that people’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or queen, but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history. This belief combined all three political schools together. Most of the people who believes in nationalism were liberals and radicals. When a nation had its independent government, it became a nation-state. However, many countries and large empires wanted to split away and establish

Italy was separated into small states. They were looking for all being under the rule of the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia. Camillo di Cavour was the prime minister of Sardinia. He helped taking in all of northern Italy, besides Venetia by having war with the Austrians. Meanwhile, Giuseppe Garibaldi united the southern areas of Italy that he had conquered with the kingdom of Piedmont- Sardinia. The Austrian province of Venetia then became a part of Italy in 1866. Italy then took over the Papal States in 1870, which was their last territory to conquer. Rome then became the capital of Italy, and Italy was united under one kingdom. Like Italy, Germany was also split up into states. They were formed in loose groups called the German Confederation. Prussia was in attempt to unify all the German States, while the Austrian Empire had already dominated the confederation. Prussia was able to lead German unification with the help of their large and strong army. Otto von Bismarck took action by using his style of realpolitik, which means “the politics of reality”. Bismarck began unifying Germany y having Prussia and Austria form an alliance and go to war against Denmark, to gain Schleswig and Holstein. Bismarck also began the seven weeks war, to humiliate Austria and have them accept that Germans were under their territory. With the victory of the Seven Weeks War, Prussia was in control of all of