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Humanistic Psychology Third Force Summary

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The video, Humanistic Psychology Third Force by Daryl Bambic discusses the humanistic theories of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. It presents us with how Rogers and Maslow see personality as guided by each person's experience and values. The humanistic theory of psychology stresses the positive side of human nature and believes that the desire in the human being is to be healthy and to grow to be the best person they can be. Humanistic theorists also believe there is a desire in each person to grow and to achieve self-actualization, that we each have a unique desire to fulfill our own potential. This perspective of psychology emphasizes the positive side of people. This paper will show how the ideas of the humanistic psychology theory of personality …show more content…

Freud believed that people go through the psychosexual stages of development. Freud’s idea of personality is based on his theory of the psyche and the three parts of the personality, the id, ego and the superego. Freud believed that people are largely motivated by these parts of personality. Freud believed we are irrational and animal like and that growth is a process of solving erotic conflicts. However, Rogers and Maslow believed people are motivated by growth and health. Rogers and Maslow started with a belief in the positive potential in people. Rogers’ idea of how people developed neuroses was different from Freud's idea. Freud believed neuroses was developed when the ego couldn't balance the id and the superego. Rogers believed neuroses develops if how we see ourselves is greatly different from the person that we would like to be. Rodgers’ entire theory is built on the idea of organismic valuing, which he calls a force of life. Organismic valuing is the built in motivation to evolve and to develop our potential to its fullest possible extent. Rogers believe that all creatures strive to make the very best of their

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Originally from Austria, Sigmund Freud was a trained neurologist who was particularly interested in the human psyche. Over many years, Freud developed a theory to explain human behavior, what we refer to now as “Freudian Psychology.” First, he divided the mind into three levels, and used the analogy of an iceberg to help others understand it. On the surface, Freud identified the Conscious. It is here that most of our decision making and ideas are processed.

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Sometimes this approach is called phenomenological because personality is studied from the point of view of the individual’s subjective experience. Abraham Maslow can be regarded as the father of humanistic psychology. In the 1960's, his ideas were considered as ridiculous whereas today they are highly regarded and considered important across so many different areas. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs presents the image of the individual having the ability to reach a level of self-actualization which is the highest form that an individual can achieve.

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While some teenagers abide by the laws and regulations of the state concerning the consumption of alcohol, others do not. Among recent years, alcohol consumption of young adults has increased drastically. Among individuals in the United States that drink alcohol, 11% are between the ages 13 to 20. Teens do not realize the risks and effects of alcohol consumption. Drinking at a younger age means that one is at a greater risk of encountering major health problems.

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Maslow said, “It is as if Freud has supplied to us the sick half of psychology and we must now fill it out with the healthy half.” (Maslow, 1998). The Humanistic perspective concentrate on the positive side of human beings and expects them to be optimistic which helps to fulfill the fully potential. So, it ignored negative aspects of human experience and the unconscious mind which is equally important in humans.

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Roger’s Humanist Theory believes, “That humans are innately good and that they are growth oriented,” (Nye, pg. 105, 2000). Due to the fact that this theory has the belief that individuals are inherently good, Beth’s negative behaviors are not part of her personality, but formed out of her early childhood environment. The Humanistic approach also states, to reach self-actualization, the environment surrounding an individual must be nurturing (Sougstad, Humanistic Psychology, 2018); Beth was not afforded with this type of environment, explaining her negative and harmful behaviors towards her family. In addition, the Humanistic Theory also concludes, “Humans basically need and want both personal fulfillment and close, intimate relationships with others,” (Nye, Pg. 98, 2000). Referring back to Beth’s early childhood environment again, the lack of an appropriate, intimate and caring relationship between her and her biological parents left her without the needed environment to fully develop.

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Maslow chose to focus on researching about the emotional developments of a healthy person as opposed to Freud’s research that is focusing on the sick people and how to treat it. Maslow’s hierarchy of

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Maslow’s theory was inspired by E.S. Fromm’s theory of personality (Cooke, Mills & Kelley, 2005). His original five-staged model (physiological, safety, love, esteem and self-actualization needs from basic to less basic order) (Maslow, 1943) was later expanded to include cognitive, aesthetic and self-transcendence needs (Maslow, 1969). One common assumption shared by both theories is that the study of individual should be a whole instead of just emphasizing unconscious mind (Moore & Shantall, 2013).

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Psychoanalytic        Theoretical Views Name of theory: Psychoanalytic Theory Founder of the theory: Sigmund Freud View of human nature (include innate capacities/capabilities and motivational constructs): Sigmund Freud viewed human nature as being deterministic and influenced by both sexual energy and instincts (Corey, 2017). He further identifies that soon after birth instincts drive our desire and force internal motivations into the reality of which we live. Although unconscious desires are the driving forces of existence in the beginning, it does not remain the only force through out our lives. We begin to develop into a conscious being as we recognize the world around us. Our external world introduces the conscious mind by showing us moral code, paternal expectations, and presumptions of societal ideology.

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Freud’s theory of personality and psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud (6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an neurologist and also known as the father of psychoanalysis. Sigmund Freud explored the human mind and developed some of the most influential theories in modern psychology and psychoanalysis. He developed a topographical model of the mind, whereby he described the features of the mind’s structure and function. For Freud, the mind is best conceptualized in three distinct components, the conscious, preconscious and unconscious.

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Over the years, many theories have been developed to study the human personality. Some of the notable theories are psychoanalytic theory, trait theory, humanistic theory and behavioural theory. In this assignment, we have chosen to compare and contrast the psychoanalytic and humanistic theories. Psychoanalytic Theory

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According to Wagner, humanistic approach is primarily a reaction to the two major views of humanity which are the Freudian perspective and the behavioral perspective thus humanitaristic approach is the “third force”. Humanistic approach highly gives emphasis to the individual that learning how to learn is more important than acquiring factual knowledge. Teachers can play their role in helping the students how to learn and their thinking gives emphasis rather than teachers’ teaching determination.

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Abraham Maslow, is traditionally associated with humanistic psychology, his work is mainly focused in the area of motivation, personality and human development. In 1943, Maslow proposed his "Theory of Human Motivation" which is rooted in the social sciences and was widely used in the field of clinical psychology; has become one of the leading theories in the field of motivation, business management and development and organizational behavior (Reid 2008). The "Theory of Human Motivation", proposed a hierarchy of needs and factors that motivate people; this hierarchy is modeled by identifying five categories of needs and is built considering a hierarchical ascending order according to their importance to the survival and motivational skills.

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Moskowitz( 1978), articulated that humanistic education is related to concern for personal development, self-acceptance, and acceptance by others, simply put, making students more human. The humanist tradition of classroom management centers on the inner thoughts, feelings, psychological needs, and emotions of the individual learner. Humanist approaches emphasize the importance of allowing the student time to control his personal behavior. Maslow’s Self –Actualization Theory or Motivation Theory. Self-actualization represents a concept derived from Humanistic psychological theory and, specifically, from the theory created by Abraham Maslow.

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(www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/freud_sigmund.shtml) Freud’s most of the theories were built based on studies of the hysterical patient, Anna O. Anna O. Was under hypnosis treatments by a physician, Joseph Breuer. Freud used hypnosis and free association (the method which is allowed to express the things in the patient’s mind) to treat the patients. Freud proposed five theories to explain the nature of the personality: Topographical model, Structural model, Libido and Thanatos, defense mechanism, psychosexual stages. In Topographical model, Freud introduced three sections of human personality. The conscious, The preconscious, and The unconscious.

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With the aid of the two counseling theories, Roger’s personality theory and Adlerian personality theory, I managed to make a personal self-reflection on my values, attitudes, beliefs and how became who am I today. I certainly have an affinity for humanistic approach because it emphasized that every person has their own unique way to perceive and make sense of world. It also focused more understanding people’s subjectivity. The theory under humanistic approach that helped to reflect and gain insight about myself is Carl Roger’s personality theory. The reason I chose this theory because I feel it holds true to my personality development compared and I like his concept and emphasis on the importance of the self-actualizing tendency in shaping human personalities.

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