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Immigration, Acculturation, And Adaptation

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Recommended: Acculturation and assimilation

Above is a model showing the four different types of acculturating, from Berry’s “Immigration, Acculturation, and Adaptation” Journal of Applied Psychology (1997). This diagram shows the different responses to acculturation, where the value of maintaining ‘old’ culture is essentially balanced with exposure and adaptations to ‘new’ cultures. These choices of one response over another can drastically change, depending on the shifting of stressors that contribute to the responses. The four types of acculturating strategies, outlined by John Berry, are assimilation, integration, separation, and marginalization which span cross-culturally on the sociocultural level of analysis. These variations of acculturation strategies “ consist of two (usually …show more content…

In order for integration to achieve, there must be an acceptance between two or more cultural groups (usually in multicultural areas). To fully explain integration, individuals must consider that integration not always creates a positive and engaging impact, but can create negative environments. Integration is the most competent and adaptive strategy because it positively provides benefits to cultures with mutual accommodation. Compared with the other acculturation strategies, integration is associated with lower levels of risk behavior and more positive attitudes, and better psychological and sociocultural outcomes in youth. In Berry’s (2011) study, most students chose integration as their efficacious strategy of acculturation, because statistics show that the majority of the students do not deliberately separate or integrate from the German society (Yu & Wang, 2011). Young children and adolescents who use integration can help reduce feelings of loss and grief as the migrant start to incorporate aspects of the majority culture (Bhugra & Becker, 2005). Another example of how integration is consistently adaptive is when a Vietnamese American migrant in the United States might be fluent in both English and Vietnamese, advocate individualistic values in some contexts and collectivistic values in other contexts, and pinpoints …show more content…

Separating creates a tremendous impact because it involves rejection of the dominant culture (perhaps reciprocated by them) (Berry 1997). Separation occurs immediately after individuals adapt to new cultural and behavioral norms, but sometimes involve culture exuviation without culture learning. In many studies, for example, Berry’s (2011) study on Chinese students migrating to Germany, males prefer separation because separation is empowered by a dominant society, and in this study, the males empowered the women (Yu & Wang, 2011). Therefore, separation is only allowed when cultures involvement with others. This results in marginalization, where the individual does not identify with or participate either his or own host culture or own

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Have you ever heard of the term "assimilation"? Many children of immigrants have experienced some form of assimilation of their culture, whether it be not knowing their mother tongue or having little knowledge of their home country's history. These skills and knowledge are beneficial to understanding our own cultural identity, without it we find it difficult to grasp our self-identity. Our values and beliefs are set by our identity because it is where we find our fundamentals in societal roles. Our emotions can also impact our identity, since how we feel makes us unique to other species.

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This cultural dissonance becomes a lens through which the challenges of assimilation and conversion come into sharp

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For example, with cultural assimilation, immigrants will change their culture – in any way, to fit the standards of the majority. Rather than it being a one-way process (assimilation), it is a two-way process (acculturation). As for structural assimilation, immigrants participate in integrated organizations of American society, such as social/civic/work organizations or the US military (Fraga et al. 2016, p. 334). The last type of assimilation the authors analyze is marital assimilation.

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Assimilation is different for everyone. Whether it is going to a new school, joining a club, or even moving to another state or country, most people experience assimilation at least once in their lives. The book, Breadgivers, by Anzia Yezierska, is a good example on the assimilation process and how different it can be for people. Sara is a young girl who moved to The New World, otherwise known as New York City, with her parents and sisters from a small village in Poland. From the start, she knows she must assimilate to this new country that she now lives in.

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Readers also learn about assimilation and acculturation. According to the text, assimilation is “the coming together of two distinct cultures to create a new and unique third cultural form” (Pg. 200). Acculturation “involves taking on the cultural ways of another group, usually those of the mainstream culture” (Pg. 201). In chapter nine, a variety of mental health issues associated with racial groups are discussed, such as: trauma.

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Sara says, "I remember once asking my dad if he felt like he belonged in America. He said he didn't know. He said he always felt like an outsider, like he was always observing but never really participating" (Saedi 4). This demonstrates how difficult cultural assimilation can be for some people, particularly those who have strong ties to their cultural heritage. Sara's father's experience demonstrates how cultural assimilation is a difficult process, with individuals facing unique challenges based on their cultural background and personal

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For many new immigrants coming to America, it is difficult to adjust into the new society. Many come to America without the basic knowledge of English, the new immigrants do not have the ability assimilate to American society because of the lack of possible communication between the immigrant and an native. Non-English speaking immigrants that come to America face harsh challenges when trying to assimilate to U.S. society because immigrants are often segregated into ethnic communities away from natives, Americans do not know basics of words of other well known languages, and the lack of government funding education programs. Assimilation into a new society is difficult enough, but when the society pushes any new immigrants to separate part

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The W-shape Adjustment Model helps us understand the immigrants' experience of crossing cultural and communication boundaries, in that it enables us to see just what they might be going through when joining a new culture. Through the model we can see that there are several stages to entering a new culture. At first the immigrants feel excited for a new experience, they look forward to exploring their new home. However, once they get past the initial excitement, culture shock really sets in and they often feel emotional upheaval, which can often lead to many of them returning back to their native home. That being said, if they get past this stage the model shows that eventually immigrants' are able to laugh at the difference they experience,

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Milton Gordon believed that the process of assimilation can be separated into seven different subprocesses. However, the book focuses entirely on the first three processes of assimilation. The first process of assimilation is acculturation or cultural assimilation. This is when members of the immigrant or minority group learns the culture of the dominant group.

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It often results in discarding the old culture in favor of a new culture. When an individual discards his old culture, this often turn out that loss of self-identify and self-esteem. The adjustment could be difficult not only for the adults but even for the young children who may be confused as to who or what they really

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Throughout history, migrants had to meet a specific standard of living, particularly satisfying the means of society, in this case, assimilation. However, throughout time, assimilation developed numerous critiques which allowed integration to overtake this basis. Assimilation, according to the straight line classic assimilation theory, is the ongoing fact that individuals need to assimilate into the receiving country to a core culture of white Anglo Protestant, which will allow them for uncomplicated movement. Under these circumstances, assimilation is unidirectional. On the other hand, integration states that assimilation is not necessary for manageable movement in the receiving country.

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Immigrants and Education We believe that teachers and parents are struggling to make their students and children involved in a different community from their original community. Because these students have different cultures, languages and values from their teachers who are doing their best to meet the needs of all international students (Shurki & Richard, 2009). The schools across the country today are looking for ways to welcome and assist immigrant families because they become a big part of their communities. So how these effect on each of students, teachers and parent? Teachers Some school districts respond to the needs of immigrant and refugee students by creating “newcomer” programs (Hertzberg, 1998).

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How did issues related to race affect the functioning of the U.S. Military during World War Two? Race in World War Two was a big problem. It has been a problem for years, and is still going on, to this day. The people in action during World War two, and the Military itself, had a huge impact on the people.

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However, his theory and most of the previous research focus on mainly immigrants’ acculturation. Considering that there are also other groups such as sojourners and expatriates, Berry’s theory and other acculturation theories may not totally apply to the groups apart from immigrants. (Lian & Tsang , 2010). Furthermore, acculturation is usually referred as an adjustment and adaptation process of cultural change as the final outcome (Adler and Gielen (2003). For this reason, the extensive body of research in the expatriation literature has focused on cross-cultural adjustment process of individuals and minority groups in response to their contact with the dominant majority and it constitutes the central conceptual framework of this

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They feel and become left out when they are with their community’s group of friends. In addition, some older children who came to the United States have a hard time learning a new culture because it was a culture shock to them. There are two major things that become problems in their journey to adopt a new culture; barrier to language and living their lifestyle. While adapting new culture, they have a difficult journey because of the bully, discrimination, and racism that they encounter. Some of these situations that Chin refugees face can be related to how Faith faces her problems with cultures and

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